memcached学习一

memcached学习一 memcahe简介和安装

memcahed是一种自由、开放源码、高性能，分布式的内存对象缓存系统。

其有效的补充了传统的RSBMS的不足，可以通过缓存传统数据库的数据到memcached中，减少对后端数据库的访问，提高前端的访问效率和扩展性。

memcached的协议十分简单，是基于libevent的事件处理，数据存储的内存中，可以实现不相互通信的分布式缓存系统。memcached的通信协议并不使用复杂的数据格式，而是使用最简单的文本协议，可以通过telnet访问memcached服务器，并执行保存、获取、删除等数据操作。而基于libevent程序库，将它在linux这样的操作系统上，即使对服务器的连接数增加，也能发挥出复杂度为O(1)的性能。众所周知，访问内存的效率是访问磁盘的n多倍，所以数据放在内存中的访问性能很好。但是也造成了一旦重启数据就丢失的情况。同时内存并不是无限可用的，一旦达到内存限制，会基于LRU算法进行数据淘汰删除操作。memcached从名字就可以看出，其是为内存设计的，并没有考虑数据持久性的问题。memcached服务端并没有分布式的功能和现成的分布式实施方案，各memcached之间不会互相通信已共享信息。其实现前推至客户端自己定义实现，可以自己定义路由规则定制化自己的分布式memcached缓存系统。

*****************************************************************************************************************************

memachched的安装：

yum install libevent libeventdevel

tar -zxvf libevent-1.3.tar.gz 

cd libevent-1.3

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make

make install

tar -zxvf memcached-1.4.24.tar.gz 

cd memcached-1.4.24

./configure --with-libevent=/usr/local

make 

make install

启动memcached

 memcached -d -p 11212 -u nobody -m 1024 -c 1024

测试连接memcached

telnet 127.0.0.1 11212
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
stats
STAT pid 55680
STAT uptime 46
STAT time 1439878718
STAT version 1.4.24
STAT libevent 1.3
STAT pointer_size 64
STAT rusage_user 0.000999
STAT rusage_system 0.000999
STAT curr_connections 5
STAT total_connections 6
STAT connection_structures 6
STAT reserved_fds 20
STAT cmd_get 0
STAT cmd_set 0
STAT cmd_flush 0
STAT cmd_touch 0
STAT get_hits 0
STAT get_misses 0
STAT delete_misses 0
STAT delete_hits 0
STAT incr_misses 0
STAT incr_hits 0
STAT decr_misses 0
STAT decr_hits 0
STAT cas_misses 0
STAT cas_hits 0
STAT cas_badval 0
STAT touch_hits 0
STAT touch_misses 0
STAT auth_cmds 0
STAT auth_errors 0
STAT bytes_read 7
STAT bytes_written 0
STAT limit_maxbytes 1073741824
STAT accepting_conns 1
STAT listen_disabled_num 0
STAT threads 4
STAT conn_yields 0
STAT hash_power_level 16
STAT hash_bytes 524288
STAT hash_is_expanding 0
STAT malloc_fails 0
STAT bytes 0
STAT curr_items 0
STAT total_items 0
STAT expired_unfetched 0
STAT evicted_unfetched 0
STAT evictions 0
STAT reclaimed 0
STAT crawler_reclaimed 0
STAT crawler_items_checked 0
STAT lrutail_reflocked 0

memcached启动参数说明

memcached -h
memcached 1.4.24
-p <num>      TCP port number to listen on (default: 11211)
-U <num>      UDP port number to listen on (default: 11211, 0 is off)
-s <file>     UNIX socket path to listen on (disables network support)
-A            enable ascii "shutdown" command
-a <mask>     access mask for UNIX socket, in octal (default: 0700)
-l <addr>     interface to listen on (default: INADDR_ANY, all addresses)
              <addr> may be specified as host:port. If you don't specify
              a port number, the value you specified with -p or -U is
              used. You may specify multiple addresses separated by comma
              or by using -l multiple times
-d            run as a daemon
-r            maximize core file limit
-u <username> assume identity of <username> (only when run as root)
-m <num>      max memory to use for items in megabytes (default: 64 MB)
-M            return error on memory exhausted (rather than removing items)
-c <num>      max simultaneous connections (default: 1024)
-k            lock down all paged memory.  Note that there is a
              limit on how much memory you may lock.  Trying to
              allocate more than that would fail, so be sure you
              set the limit correctly for the user you started
              the daemon with (not for -u <username> user;
              under sh this is done with 'ulimit -S -l NUM_KB').
-v            verbose (print errors/warnings while in event loop)
-vv           very verbose (also print client commands/reponses)
-vvv          extremely verbose (also print internal state transitions)
-h            print this help and exit
-i            print memcached and libevent license
-V            print version and exit
-P <file>     save PID in <file>, only used with -d option
-f <factor>   chunk size growth factor (default: 1.25)
-n <bytes>    minimum space allocated for key+value+flags (default: 48)
-L            Try to use large memory pages (if available). Increasing
              the memory page size could reduce the number of TLB misses
              and improve the performance. In order to get large pages
              from the OS, memcached will allocate the total item-cache
              in one large chunk.
-D <char>     Use <char> as the delimiter between key prefixes and IDs.
              This is used for per-prefix stats reporting. The default is
              ":" (colon). If this option is specified, stats collection
              is turned on automatically; if not, then it may be turned on
              by sending the "stats detail on" command to the server.
-t <num>      number of threads to use (default: 4)
-R            Maximum number of requests per event, limits the number of
              requests process for a given connection to prevent 
              starvation (default: 20)
-C            Disable use of CAS
-b            Set the backlog queue limit (default: 1024)
-B            Binding protocol - one of ascii, binary, or auto (default)
-I            Override the size of each slab page. Adjusts max item size
              (default: 1mb, min: 1k, max: 128m)
-F            Disable flush_all command
-o            Comma separated list of extended or experimental options
              - (EXPERIMENTAL) maxconns_fast: immediately close new
                connections if over maxconns limit
              - hashpower: An integer multiplier for how large the hash
                table should be. Can be grown at runtime if not big enough.
                Set this based on "STAT hash_power_level" before a 
                restart.
              - tail_repair_time: Time in seconds that indicates how long to wait before
                forcefully taking over the LRU tail item whose refcount has leaked.
                Disabled by default; dangerous option.
              - hash_algorithm: The hash table algorithm
                default is jenkins hash. options: jenkins, murmur3
              - lru_crawler: Enable LRU Crawler background thread
              - lru_crawler_sleep: Microseconds to sleep between items
                default is 100.
              - lru_crawler_tocrawl: Max items to crawl per slab per run
                default is 0 (unlimited)
              - lru_maintainer: Enable new LRU system + background thread
              - hot_lru_pct: Pct of slab memory to reserve for hot lru.
                (requires lru_maintainer)
              - warm_lru_pct: Pct of slab memory to reserve for warm lru.
                (requires lru_maintainer)
              - expirezero_does_not_evict: Items set to not expire, will not evict.
                (requires lru_maintainer)