Linux安装mysql

环境说明：

1、虚拟机为VM10
2、Linux系统为centos6.5
2、MySQL为MySQL-Linux-5.6

软件包地址

Linux：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1c2jinQC 密码：qvb4
MySQL：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1slQHe6T 密码：y4tm
VM10请自行下载，自己动手丰衣足食

下面开始安装

安装过程中若出现错误，请查看文章末尾的**注意事项及错误说明**

1.下载安装包

 将mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz包移动至/usr/local目录下

2.检测是否重复安装

 ps -ef | grep mysql

3.解压安装包及重命名

tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql 

4.创建MySQL的管理用户及用户组

groupadd -g 101 dba
useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin

5.创建mysqladmin用户密码

paddwd mysqladmin

6.复制环境变量配置文件到mysqladmin用户的家目录下

cp /etc/skel/.* /etc/local/mysql

7.创建MySQL配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf
将以下内容复制到配置文件my.cnf中
----------------以下------------------
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M

table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600

# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 32

#isolation level and default engine 
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED

server-id  = 1
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid

#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now

binlog_format = MIXED
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err

#for replication slave
#log-slave-updates 
#sync_binlog = 1

#for innodb options 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:500M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 200M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 100
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1

#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on

#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
-----------以上---------------------
根据机器内存大小适当修改缓冲区，最低为1024M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M

8.权限修改

1./etc/my.cnf 权限修改
    chown  mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf 
    chmod  640 /etc/my.cnf
2./usr/local/mysql权限修改
    chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql
    chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql 

9.执行MySQL安装命令

切换到mysqladmin用户
  su - mysqladmin
在/usr/local/mysql下创建arch文件夹
  mkdir arch
开始安装
  scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysqladmin --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 

10.修改服务自启动

切换到root用户
 su - root
将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
 cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
赋予可执行权限
 chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
删除服务
 chkconfig --del mysql
添加服务
 chkconfig --add mysql
 chkconfig --level 345 mysql on

11.启动MySQL服务

切换到mysqladmin用户
 su - mysqladmin
删除/usr/local/mysql下的my.cnf文件
 rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
启动服务
 bin/mysqld_safe & 
 注意：执行完后，按回车

12.查看服务是否启动及登录MySQL

查看服务是否启动
 ps -ef | grep mysql 或者  service mysql status
登录mysql
 mysql
 show databases;
 如果看到你数据库，恭喜你安装完成。

13.更改root用户密码和删除空用户

    使用mysql数据库
     use mysql
    更改root用户密码为123456
     update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
    删除空用户
     delete from user where user='';
    刷新权限
     flush privileges;

14.修改mysqladmin用户的配置文件

    进入mysql用户家目录
     su - mysqldmin
    修改配置文件.bash_profile
     vi .bash_profile
    添加内容:
    ------------以下--------------
    #直接显示当前路径
    PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1
    #mysql常用命令别名
    alias l="ls -ltr"
    alias la="ls -la"
    alias d="df -lk"
    #alias rm="rm -i"
    alias bg="ps -aef|grep mysql"
    alias base="cd /usr/local/mysql"
    alias bin="cd //usr/local/mysql/bin"
    alias dba="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba"
    alias sh="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/sh"
    alias sql="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/sql"
    alias config="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/config"
    alias dbalog="cd /usr/local/mysql/dba/log"
    alias arch="cd /usr/local/mysql/arch"
    alias data="cd /usr/local/mysql/data"   
    ------------以上-----------------
    生效配置文件
     . .bash_profile

注意事项及错误说明

1.安装过程中报错信息如下：
    Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory #缺少libaio.so 包
  解决:
      下载libaio包
       yum -y install libaio
      删除arch文件夹下所有文件和data文件夹
       rm -rf arch/* data
      重新执行安装命令
       scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysqladmin --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

2.权限问题
  若出现单词 Permission denied
 解决：
  ①卸载linux自带的mysql-lib包
   rpm --nodeps -e mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
  删除arch文件夹下所有文件和data文件夹
   rm -rf arch/* data
  重新执行安装命令
   scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysqladmin --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
  ②若还是报错，则更改/var/log权限
   chmod -R 757 /var/log 
  删除arch文件夹下所有文件和data文件夹
   rm -rf arch/* data
  重新执行安装命令
   scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysqladmin --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

3.MySQL配置文件读取顺序如下：
 /etc/my.cnf->/etc/mysql/my.cnf->SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf->$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf-> --defaults-extra-file->~/my.cnf 

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