GO语言:gin框架实列

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Gin框架问题

1.初始化/hello
r := gin.Default()//初始化路由
r.GET("/hello",sayhello)
r.Run() //默认8080端口  ":9090" 自定义端口

//sayhello方法实现
func sayhello(c *gin.Context){
  //以下是返回json形式
  c.JSON(200,gin.H{
    "message":"map数组而已",
    "message2":"blunt",
  })

}
2.匹配模式
// 此规则能够匹配/user/john这种格式,但不能匹配/user/ 或 /user这种格式
 r.GET("/user/:name", func(c  *gin.Context) {
		name := c.Param("name")
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
	})

	// 但是,这个规则既能匹配/user/john/格式也能匹配/user/john/send这种格式
	// 如果没有其他路由器匹配/user/john,它将重定向到/user/john/
	r.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
		name := c.Param("name")
		action := c.Param("action")
		message := name + " is " + action
		c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
	})

3.获取GET参数
//http://localhost:8080/welcome?firstname=simon&lastname=heihei
r.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
   firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname","Guest") //填充一个默认值。如果没有firstname 则返回Guest
   lastname := c.Query("lastname") // 获取get url中的这个参数 如果没有得到 则为空
   c.String(http.StatusOK,"Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
})
4.获取post参数
//localhost:8080/form_post	
r.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
			message := c.PostForm("message")
		nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick","any") //填充一个默认值。 如果没有 则返回any
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK,gin.H{
			"status":"posted",
			"message":message,
			"nick":nick,
		})
	})

5.Get + Post 混合
r.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
   id := c.Query("id")	 // 从请求头拿出字段
   page := c.DefaultQuery("page","0") 
   name := c.PostForm("name")	//从post参数拿出字段
   message := c.PostForm("message")
   c.String(200,"id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
})

6.文件上传
6.1单文件上传
r.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 //这里默认最大为32m   8 << 20 为8m  设置为8兆 
r.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
  //从请求中拿到文件流
  file ,err := c.FormFile("file")
   if err != nil{
      panic(err)
      c.JSON(500,gin.H{
         "message" : "上传文件出错",
      })
   }
   log.Println(file.Filename)//打印日志
   //有时间再细化
   // 如果没有upload目录 将无法存储 但也不会抛出异常
   // 存入upload目录下 并为他署名
   dst := path.Join("./upload",file.Filename)

   //保存文件
   c.SaveUploadedFile(file,dst)
	 //返回字符串
   c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))

   })

<img src="/Users/wangyanzu/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210129164206141.png" alt="image-20210129164206141" style="zoom: 33%;" /

6.2多文件上传
r.POST("/upload2", func(c *gin.Context) {
   form,_ := c.MultipartForm()
   files := form.File["upload[]"]
   for _,file := range files {
      log.Println(file.Filename)
   //加存储方法
   }
   c.String(200,fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
})

7.路由分组
// Simple group: v1
v1 := r.Group("/v1") //组名
{
   v1.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
      c.String(200,"1")
   })
   v1.POST("/submit", func(c *gin.Context) {
      c.String(200,"2")
   })
   v1.POST("/read", func(c *gin.Context) {
      c.String(200,"3")
   })
}

// Simple group: v2
v2 := r.Group("/v2")//组名
{
   v2.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
      c.String(200,"4")
   })
   v2.POST("/submit", func(c *gin.Context) {
      c.String(200,"5")
   })
   v2.POST("/read", func(c *gin.Context) {
      c.String(200,"6")
   })
   v2.POST("/out " , func(c *gin.Context) {
      c.String(200, "111")
   })
}
8.无中间件启动
r := gin.New()

代替

r := gon.Defailt() // 默认启动方式,包含 Logger、Recovery 中间件
9.使用中间件
func main() {
	// 创建一个不包含中间件的路由器
	r := gin.New()

	// 全局中间件
	// 使用 Logger 中间件
	r.Use(gin.Logger())

	// 使用 Recovery 中间件
	r.Use(gin.Recovery())

	// 路由添加中间件,可以添加任意多个
	r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)

	// 路由组中添加中间件
	// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
	// exactly the same as:
	authorized := r.Group("/")
	// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
	// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
	authorized.Use(AuthRequired()) //这里就可以实现不同组的过滤器
	{
		authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)

		// nested group
		testing := authorized.Group("testing") //组中组
		testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
	}

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
10.写入日志文件
func main() {
    // 禁用控制台颜色
    gin.DisableConsoleColor()

    // 创建记录日志的文件
    f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
    gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)

    // 如果需要将日志同时写入文件和控制台,请使用以下代码
    // gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)

    router := gin.Default()
    router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
        c.String(200, "pong")
    })

    router.Run(":8080")
}

11.自定义日志输出
func main() {
	router := gin.New()

	// LoggerWithFormatter 中间件会将日志写入 gin.DefaultWriter
	// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
	router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {

		// 你的自定义格式
		return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
				param.ClientIP,
				param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
				param.Method,
				param.Path,
				param.Request.Proto,
				param.StatusCode,
				param.Latency,
				param.Request.UserAgent(),
				param.ErrorMessage,
		)
	}))
	router.Use(gin.Recovery())

	router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(200, "pong")
	})

	router.Run(":8080")
}

demo

func main() {
   //禁用控制台颜色
   gin.DisableConsoleColor()
   //创建记录日志文件
   f,err := os.Create("gin.log")
   if err != nil {
      panic(err)
   }
   gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f,os.Stdout)

   r := gin.New()
   r.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {

      // 你的自定义格式
      return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
         param.ClientIP,
         param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
         param.Method,
         param.Path,
         param.Request.Proto,
         param.StatusCode,
         param.Latency,
         param.Request.UserAgent(),
         param.ErrorMessage,
      )
   }))
   r.Use(gin.Recovery())
   r.GET("/pong", func(c *gin.Context) {
      c.String(200,"hello")
   })
   r.Run()
}
12模型绑定和验证
package main

import (
   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
   "net/http"
)

// 绑定为json
type Login struct {
   User     string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user"  binding:"required"`
   Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {
   router := gin.Default()

   // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
   router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
      var json Login
      if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
         return
      }

      if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
         c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
         return
      }

      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
   })

   // Example for binding XML (
   // <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   // <root>
   //    <user>user</user>
   //    <password>123</password>
   // </root>)
   router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
      var xml Login
      if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
         return
      }

      if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
         c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
         return
      }

      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
   })

   // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
   router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
      var form Login
      // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
      if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
         return
      }

      if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
         c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
         return
      }

      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
   })

   // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
   router.Run(":8080")
}

要用json格式发送

13 自定义验证器
注意包引用

github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 //使用此包 方法定义会报错  可能是新出的包 暂时没有多研究
gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8   
遗留问题 没跑通
package main

import (
   "fmt"
   "net/http"
   "time"

   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
   "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10"
)

// Booking contains binded and validated data.
type Booking struct {
   CheckIn  time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
   CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
}

func bookableDate( f validator.FieldLevel) bool {
/* if date, ok := f.FieldName().(time.Time); ok {
      today := time.Now()
      if today.Year() > date.Year() || today.YearDay() > date.YearDay() {
         return false
      }
   }*/
   fmt.Println(f.FieldName())
   fmt.Println(f.Field())
   fmt.Println(f.GetTag())
   fmt.Println(f.StructFieldName())
   fmt.Println(f.Top())
   fmt.Println(f.Field())
   fmt.Println(f.Field())
   fmt.Println(f.Field())
   fmt.Println(f.Field())
   fmt.Println(f.Field())


   return true
}

func main() {
   route := gin.Default()
   if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
      v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate,)
   }

   route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
   route.Run()
}

func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
   var b Booking
   if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
   } else {
      c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
   }
}
14 只绑定get请求
func main() {
   r := gin.Default()
      r.Any("/testing", func(c *gin.Context) {
      var person Person
      if c.BindQuery(&person)==nil {
         log.Println("=====Only bind by Query String =======")
         log.Println(person.Name)
         log.Println(person.Address)
      }
      c.String(200,"success")
   })
   r.Run()
}

type Person struct {
   Name    string `form : "name" `
   Address string `form : "address" `
}

文档上使用的是c.ShouldBindQuery方法 但是无法接收到参数内容 改用 c.BIndQuery() get请求可以获取到参数内容

POST请求无法获取到参数。

15.绑定Get参数或者Post参数
package main

import (
   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
   "log"
   "time"
)

func main() {
   r := gin.Default()
   r.POST("/testing",startPage)
   r.Run()
}

type Person struct {
   Name    string `form:"name" ` //这里一定不要有空格 很重要不然 接不到参数
   Address string `form:"address" `
   Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc :"1" `
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context){
   var person Person
   if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
      log.Println(person.Name)
      log.Println(person.Address)
      log.Println(person.Birthday)
   }
   c.String(200,"success")
}
16 绑定html复选框
type myForm struct {
    Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
}

...

func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
    var fakeForm myForm
    c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
    c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
}
<form action="/" method="POST">
    <p>Check some colors</p>
    <label for="red">Red</label>
    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red">
    <label for="green">Green</label>
    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green">
    <label for="blue">Blue</label>
    <input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
四.到这里就差不多了
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