xml布局中系统View标签为何不需要带包名

一、引子

在xml文件中，如果想使用TextView、WebView、Button、RelativeLayout等系统View，直接写类名即可，但如果是自定义的View，则需要写带有包名的全类名，否则运行时会报错。这是为什么呢？

二、查找原因

我们知道Android是通过LayoutInflater.inflate()方法解析xml文件创建View的，从这个方法找下答案：

    public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
        final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
        try {
            return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
        } finally {
            parser.close();
        }
    }

调用了LayoutInflater类的inflate(XmlPullParser, ViewGroup, Boolean)方法

    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
            final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
            View result = root;

            try {
                // Look for the root node.
                int type;
                while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    // Empty
                }

                final String name = parser.getName();

                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }

                    rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
                } else {
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);  // ①

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    // Inflate all children under temp against its context.
                    rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);  // ②

                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                    // top view found in xml.
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }

            }
            // 省略异常处理代码 
            finally {
                // Don't retain static reference on context.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                mConstructorArgs[1] = null;
            }

            return result;
        }
    }

对于xml文件中最外层标签名不为merge的布局而言，主要做两件事；
①创建xml最外层标签名的View；
②解析最外层标签内部的View。

2.1 createViewFromTag()

    private View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        return createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs, false);
    }
    
    View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
            // 省略其他代码
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);// A
                    } else {
                        view = createView(name, null, attrs); // B
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
                
                return view;
    }

可以看到如果标签名字不带"."，也就是标签就是类名（SimpleName），不包含包名，则执行onCreateView(parent, name, attrs)，否则执行createView(name, null, attrs)。

2.1.1 createView(name, null, attrs)

先看下createView(name, null, attrs)。

    public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
        Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
        if (constructor != null && !verifyClassLoader(constructor)) {
            constructor = null;
            sConstructorMap.remove(name);
        }
        Class<? extends View> clazz = null;

        try {
            if (constructor == null) {
                // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
                clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                        prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);

                constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
                constructor.setAccessible(true);
                sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
            } 

            Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
            if (mConstructorArgs[0] == null) {
                // Fill in the context if not already within inflation.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;
            }
            Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
            args[1] = attrs;

            final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
            if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
                // Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
                final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
                viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
            }
            mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
            return view;
    }

主要是通过完全限定类名（包含包名）加载Class，然后通过反射调用其构造函数生成View。

2.1.2 onCreateView(parent, name, attrs)

    protected View onCreateView(String name, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws ClassNotFoundException {
        return createView(name, "android.view.", attrs);
    }

onCreateView()方法非常简单，调用的是createView()方法，只是prefix不为null。因此，对于LayoutInflater类而言，如果不含包名的类名作为标签，则加上"android.view."来构造全限定类名。

2.2 问题解决了吗？

问题似乎是解决了，但TextView、ImageView、ListView、GridView等都是在android.widget包下，如果直接加上"android.view"，加载class时会报ClassNotFoundException的！Android是如何解决的呢？

2.2.1 LayoutInflater.from()

看下LayoutInflater的创建方法。

    public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {
        LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =
                (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        return LayoutInflater;
    }

直接看下ContextImpl.getSystemService()方法

    @Override
    public Object getSystemService(String name) {
        return SystemServiceRegistry.getSystemService(this, name);
    }

跟下去

    public static Object getSystemService(ContextImpl ctx, String name) {
        ServiceFetcher<?> fetcher = SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS.get(name);
        return fetcher != null ? fetcher.getService(ctx) : null;
    }

SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS是HashMap类型变量，

private static final HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>> SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS =
            new HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>>();

数据在SystemServiceRegistry类的静态语句块中填充

        registerService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE, LayoutInflater.class,
                new CachedServiceFetcher<LayoutInflater>() {
            @Override
            public LayoutInflater createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
                return new PhoneLayoutInflater(ctx.getOuterContext());
            }});

registerService()方法

    private static <T> void registerService(String serviceName, Class<T> serviceClass,
            ServiceFetcher<T> serviceFetcher) {
        SYSTEM_SERVICE_NAMES.put(serviceClass, serviceName);
        SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS.put(serviceName, serviceFetcher);
    }

因此

    public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {
       ServiceFetcher<?> fetcher = new CachedServiceFetcher<LayoutInflater>() {
            @Override
            public LayoutInflater createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
                return new PhoneLayoutInflater(ctx.getOuterContext());
            }};
      return fetcher != null ? fetcher.getService(ctx) : null;
    }

看下CachedServiceFetcher类

    static abstract class CachedServiceFetcher<T> implements ServiceFetcher<T> {

        CachedServiceFetcher() {
        }

        @Override
        public final T getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
           // 省略同步和异常处理代码
                    T service = null;
                    @ServiceInitializationState int newState = ContextImpl.STATE_NOT_FOUND;

                        // This thread is the first one to get here. Instantiate the service
                        // *without* the cache lock held.
                        service = createService(ctx);
                    return service;
                }
            }
        }

        public abstract T createService(ContextImpl ctx) throws ServiceNotFoundException;
    }

因此LayoutInflater.from()方法返回的是PhoneLayoutInflater类。

2.2.2 PhoneLayoutInflater

public class PhoneLayoutInflater extends LayoutInflater {
    private static final String[] sClassPrefixList = {
        "android.widget.",
        "android.webkit.",
        "android.app."
    };


    /** Override onCreateView to instantiate names that correspond to the
        widgets known to the Widget factory. If we don't find a match,
        call through to our super class.
    */
    @Override protected View onCreateView(String name, AttributeSet attrs) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        for (String prefix : sClassPrefixList) {
            try {
                View view = createView(name, prefix, attrs);
                if (view != null) {
                    return view;
                }
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                // In this case we want to let the base class take a crack
                // at it.
            }
        }

        return super.onCreateView(name, attrs);
    }

}

PhoneLayoutInflater非常简单，复写了onCreateView()方法，依次尝试"android.widget.", “android.webkit.”, "android.app."三个前缀，如果在这三个包名下有找到指定的类，则直接创建并返回，否则执行父类（LayoutInflater）的onCreateView()方法。

三、总结

结论很简单，xml布局中系统View标签不需要带包名的原因是，LayoutInflater及其子类PhoneLayoutInflater会在创建View对象时替开发者加上！