5、命令行操作HDFS

基本命令

hadoop fs 具体命令

参数大全

hadoop fs

        [-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-checksum <src> ...]
        [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
        [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
        [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
        [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-copyToLocal [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-count [-q] [-h] [-v] [-t [<storage type>]] [-u] [-x] <path> ...]
        [-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] [-d] <src> ... <dst>]
        [-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
        [-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
        [-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
        [-du [-s] [-h] [-x] <path> ...]
        [-expunge]
        [-find <path> ... <expression> ...]
        [-get [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-getfacl [-R] <path>]
        [-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
        [-getmerge [-nl] [-skip-empty-file] <src> <localdst>]
        [-help [cmd ...]]
        [-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [<path> ...]]
        [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
        [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
        [-mv <src> ... <dst>]
        [-put [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
        [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] [-safely] <src> ...]
        [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
        [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
        [-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
        [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
        [-stat [format] <path> ...]
        [-tail [-f] <file>]
        [-test -[defsz] <path>]
        [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-touchz <path> ...]
        [-truncate [-w] <length> <path> ...]
        [-usage [cmd ...]]

常用命令

1. -help，输出这个命令参数
   hadoop fs -help ls
2. -ls，显示目录信息
   hadoop fs -ls /
3. -mkdir，在hdfs上创建目录
   hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hadoop/test
4. -moveFromLocal，从本地剪切粘贴到hdfs
   hadoop fs -moveFromLocal hello.txt /user/hadoop/test
5. -appendToFile，追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾
   hadoop fs -appendToFile hello.txt /user/hadoop/test/hello.txt
6. -cat，显示文件内容
   hadoop fs -cat /user/hadoop/test/hello.txt
7. -tail，显示一个文件的末尾
   hadoop fs -tail /user/hadoop/test/hello.txt
8. -chgrp、-chmod、-chown，同linux文件系统中的用法一样，修改文件所属权限
9. -copyFromLocal，从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到hdfs路径去
   hadoop fs -copyFromLocal test.txt /user/hadoop/test/
10. -copyToLocal，从hdfs拷贝文件到本地
    hadoop fs -copyToLocal /user/hadoop/test/hello.txt hdfsHello.txt
11. -cp，从hdfs的一个路径拷贝到hdfs的另一个路径
    hadoop fs -cp /user/hadoop/test/hello.txt /user/hadoop/test/cpHello.txt
12. -mv，在hdfs目录中移动文件
    hadoop fs -mv /user/hadoop/hello.txt /user/hadoop/test/mvHello.txt
13. -get，等同于copyToLocal，就是从hdfs下载文件到本地
    hadoop fs -get /user/hadoop/test/ .
    hadoop fs -get /user/hadoop/test/test.txt .
    hadoop fs -get /user/hadoop/test/test.txt renametest.txt
14. -getmerge，合并下载多个文件
    hadoop fs -getmerge /user/hadoop/test/ getmerge.txt
15. -put，等同于copyFromLocal
    hadoop fs -put /user/hadoop/test/hello.txt hdfsHello.txt
16. -rm，删除文件或文件夹
    hadoop fs -rm -r /user/hadoop/test/
    hadoop fs -rm /user/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3.tar.gz
17. -rmdir，删除空目录
    hadoop fs -rmdir /user/hadoop/

18. -du，统计文件夹的大小信息
    hadoop fs -du -s -h /user/hadoop/test/
    hadoop fs -du -h /user/hadoop/test/

     

    

    hadoop du命令.png

19. -setrep，设置hdfs中文件的副本数量
    hadoop fs -setrep 10 /user/hadoop/test/jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz

     

    

    hadoop setrep.png

     

    这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中，是否真的会有这么多副本，还得看DataNode的数量。因为目前只有3台设备，最多也就3个副本，只有节点数的增加到10台时，副本数才能达到10。