定义一个简单的类
// 定义类,包含field以及方法
class HelloWorld {
private var name:String = "Zhao"
def sayHello() = "Hello " + name
def getName = name
}
// 创建类的对象,并调用其方法
val helloWorld = new HelloWorld
println(helloWorld.getName)
println(helloWorld.sayHello())
// 也可以不加括号,如果定义方法时不带括号,则调用方法时也不能带括号
println(helloWorld.sayHello)
getter与setter
定义不带private的var field,此时scala生成的面向JVM的类时,会定义为private的name字段,并提供public的getter和setter方法
而如果使用private修饰field,则生成的getter和setter也是private的
如果定义val field,则只会生成getter方法
如果不希望生成setter和getter方法,则将field声明为private[this]
class Student{
var name = "Zhao Jun"
}
val student = new Student
student.name
student.name = "Feng Xiangbin"
student.name
自定义getter与setter
如果只是希望拥有简单的getter和setter方法,那么就按照scala提供的语法规则,根据需求为field选择合适的修饰符就好:var、val、private、private[this]
但是如果希望能够自己对getter与setter进行控制,则可以自定义getter与setter方法
自定义setter方法的时候一定要注意scala的语法限制,签名、=、参数间不能有空格
class Student4{
private var myName = "Zhao Jun"
def name = "Hello My name is " + myName
def name_=(newName:String)={
println("You cann't change name")
}
}
var student4 = new Student4
student4.name
student4.name = "Feng Xiangbin"
student4.name
仅暴露field的getter方法
如果你不希望field有setter方法,则可以定义为val,但是此时就再也不能更改field的值了
但是如果希望能够仅仅暴露出一个getter方法,并且还能通过某些方法更改field的值,那么需要综合使用private以及自定义getter方法
此时,由于field是private的,所以setter和getter都是private,对外界没有暴露;自己可以实现修改field值的方法;自己可以覆盖getter方法
class Student{
private var myName = "Zhao Jun"
def name = "Hello " + myName
def name_=(newName: String): Unit ={
if(newName == "Feng Xiangbin")
myName = newName
else
println("this name is not accept")
}
}
var student = new Student
student.name
student.name="Feng"
student.name
student.name="Feng Xiangbin"
student.name
private[this]的使用
如果将field使用private来修饰,那么代表这个field是类私有的,在类的方法中,可以直接访问类的其他对象的private field
这种情况下,如果不希望field被其他对象访问到,那么可以使用private[this],意味着对象私有的field,只有本对象内可以访问到
class Student{
private var myAge = 0
def age = myAge
def age_=(newAge: Int): Unit ={
if(newAge > 0)
myAge = newAge
else
println("age is less than 0")
}
def older(student: Student)={
myAge > student.myAge
}
}
var student = new Student
var student1 = new Student
student.age=15
student1.age=20
student1.older(student)
// private[this]
class Student{
private[this] var myAge = 0
def age = myAge
def age_=(newAge: Int): Unit ={
if(newAge > 0)
myAge = newAge
else
println("age is less than 0")
}
def older(student: Student)={
myAge > student.myAge
}
}
var student = new Student
var student1 = new Student
student.age=15
student1.age=20
student1.older(student)
Java风格的getter和setter方法
Scala的getter和setter方法的命名与java是不同的,是field和field_=的方式
如果要让scala自动生成java风格的getter和setter方法,只要给field添加@BeanProperty注解即可
此时会生成4个方法,name: String、name_=(newValue: String): Unit、getName(): String、setName(newValue: String): Unit
import scala.beans.BeanProperty
class Student{
@BeanProperty var name:String = _
}
var student = new Student
student.getName
student.setName("Zhaojun")
student.getName
student.name
student.name = "FengXiangbin"
student.name
主constructor
Scala中,主constructor是与类名放在一起的,与java不同
而且类中,没有定义在任何方法或者是代码块之中的代码,就是主constructor的代码,这点感觉没有java那么清晰
class Student(@BeanProperty var name:String, @BeanProperty var age:Int){
println("hello, your name is " + name +" ,your age is " + age)
}
var student = new Student("Zhao Jun", 25)
主constructor中还可以通过使用默认参数,来给参数默认的值
class Student(@BeanProperty var name:String="Feng Xiangbin", @BeanProperty var age:Int = 18){
println("hello, your name is " + name +" ,your age is " + age)
}
var student = new Student
如果主constrcutor传入的参数什么修饰都没有,比如name: String,那么如果类内部的方法使用到了,则会声明为private[this] name;否则没有该field,就只能被constructor代码使用而已
辅助constructor
Scala中,可以给类定义多个辅助constructor,类似于java中的构造函数重载
辅助constructor之间可以互相调用,而且必须第一行调用主constructor
class Student(@BeanProperty var name:String, @BeanProperty var age:Int){
@BeanProperty var school:String = _
@BeanProperty var fatherName:String = _
@BeanProperty var motherName:String = _
def this(name:String, age:Int, school:String){
this(name, age)
this.school = school
}
def this(name:String, age:Int, fatherName:String, motherName:String){
this(name, age)
this.fatherName = fatherName
this.motherName = motherName
}
println("hello, your name is " + name +" ,your age is " + age)
}
内部类
Scala中,同样可以在类中定义内部类;但是与java不同的是,每个外部类的对象的内部类,都是不同的类
import scala.beans.BeanProperty
import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
class Clazz {
class Student(var name:String)
@BeanProperty var students = new ArrayBuffer[Student]()
def getStudent(name:String): Student ={
new Student(name)
}
}
var clazz1 = new Clazz
val student1 = clazz1.getStudent("Zhao Jun")
var clazz2 = new Clazz
val student2 = clazz2.getStudent("Feng Xiangbin")
clazz1.students += student1
clazz1.students += student2