keepalived高可用

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已于 2022-10-10 22:37:05 修改

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分类专栏： Linux服务文章标签：网络

于 2022-10-08 23:30:46 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ZJunWhite/article/details/127217304

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keepalived高可用

文章目录

1.keepalived简介

1.1什么是keepalived

Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。

Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。

所以，Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能，同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能，另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能

👉keepalived官网

1.2keepalived的重要功能

keepalived 有三个重要的功能，分别是：

管理LVS负载均衡软件
实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
作为系统网络服务的高可用性（failover）

1.3keepalived高可用故障转移的原理

Keepalived 高可用服务之间的故障切换转移，是通过 VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,虚拟路由器冗余协议）来实现的。

在 Keepalived 服务正常工作时，主 Master 节点会不断地向备节点发送（多播的方式）心跳消息，用以告诉备 Backup 节点自己还活看，当主 Master 节点发生故障时，就无法发送心跳消息，备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主 Master 节点的心跳了，于是调用自身的接管程序，接管主 Master 节点的 IP 资源及服务。而当主 Master 节点恢复时，备 Backup 节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的IP资源及服务，恢复到原来的备用角色。

那么，什么是VRRP呢？
VRRP ,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现就是为了解决静态踣甶的单点故障问题，VRRP是通过一种竞选机制来将路由的任务交给某台VRRP路由器的。

1.4keepalived原理

1.4.1keepalived高可用架构图

在这里插入图片描述

1.4.2keepalived工作原理描述

Keepalived高可用对之间是通过VRRP通信的，因此，我们从 VRRP开始了解起：
\1) VRRP,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现是为了解决静态路由的单点故障。
\2) VRRP是通过一种竟选协议机制来将路由任务交给某台 VRRP路由器的。
\3) VRRP用 IP多播的方式（默认多播地址（224.0_0.18))实现高可用对之间通信。
\4) 工作时主节点发包，备节点接包，当备节点接收不到主节点发的数据包的时候，就启动接管程序接管主节点的开源。备节点可以有多个，通过优先级竞选，但一般 Keepalived系统运维工作中都是一对。
\5) VRRP使用了加密协议加密数据，但Keepalived官方目前还是推荐用明文的方式配置认证类型和密码。

介绍完 VRRP,接下来我再介绍一下 Keepalived服务的工作原理：

Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 进行通信的， VRRP是通过竞选机制来确定主备的，主的优先级高于备，因此，工作时主会优先获得所有的资源，备节点处于等待状态，当主挂了的时候，备节点就会接管主节点的资源，然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。

在 Keepalived 服务之间，只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 广播包,告诉备它还活着，此时备不会枪占主，当主不可用时，即备监听不到主发送的广播包时，就会启动相关服务接管资源，保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒。

2.keepalived配置文件讲解

2.1 keepalived默认配置文件

keepalived 的主配置文件是 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf。其内容如下：

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {       //全局配置
   notification_email {     //定义报警收件人邮件地址
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc    //定义报警发件人邮箱
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1    //邮箱服务器地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30      //定义邮箱超时时间
   router_id LVS_DEVEL          //定义路由标识信息，同局域网内唯一
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {        //定义实例
    state MASTER            //指定keepalived节点的初始状态，可选值为MASTER|BACKUP
    interface eth0          //VRRP实例绑定的网卡接口，用户发送VRRP包
    virtual_router_id 51    //虚拟路由的ID，同一集群要一致
    priority 100            //定义优先级，按优先级来决定主备角色，优先级越大越优先
    nopreempt               //设置不抢占
    advert_int 1            //主备通讯时间间隔
    authentication {        //配置认证
        auth_type PASS      //认证方式，此处为密码
        auth_pass 1111      //同一集群中的keepalived配置里的此处必须一致，推荐使用8位随机数
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {     //配置要使用的VIP地址
        192.168.200.16
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.16 1358 {    //配置虚拟服务器
    delay_loop 6        //健康检查的时间间隔
    lb_algo rr          //lvs调度算法
    lb_kind NAT         //lvs模式
    persistence_timeout 50      //持久化超时时间，单位是秒
    protocol TCP        //4层协议

    sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358   //定义备用服务器，当所有RS都故障时用sorry_server来响应客户端

    real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 {    //定义真实处理请求的服务器
        weight 1    //给服务器指定权重，默认为1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp    //指定要检查的URL路径
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d   //摘要信息
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url {
              path /testurl3/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            connect_timeout 3       //连接超时时间
            nb_get_retry 3          //get尝试次数
            delay_before_retry 3    //在尝试之前延迟多长时间
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

2.2定制主配置文件

vrrp_instance段配置

nopreempt   //设置为不抢占。默认是抢占的，当高优先级的机器恢复后，会抢占低优先 \
级的机器成为MASTER，而不抢占，则允许低优先级的机器继续成为MASTER，即使高优先级 \
的机器已经上线。如果要使用这个功能，则初始化状态必须为BACKUP。

preempt_delay   //设置抢占延迟。单位是秒，范围是0---1000，默认是0.发现低优先 \
级的MASTER后多少秒开始抢占。

vrrp_script段配置

//作用：添加一个周期性执行的脚本。脚本的退出状态码会被调用它的所有的VRRP Instance记录。
//注意：至少有一个VRRP实例调用它并且优先级不能为0.优先级范围是1-254.
vrrp_script <SCRIPT_NAME> {
         ...
   }

//选项说明：
script "/path/to/somewhere"      //指定要执行的脚本的路径。
interval <INTEGER>              //指定脚本执行的间隔。单位是秒。默认为1s。
timeout <INTEGER>               //指定在多少秒后，脚本被认为执行失败。
weight <-254 --- 254>           //调整优先级。默认为2.
rise <INTEGER>                  //执行成功多少次才认为是成功。
fall <INTEGER>                  //执行失败多少次才认为失败。
user <USERNAME> [GROUPNAME]     //运行脚本的用户和组。
init_fail                       //假设脚本初始状态是失败状态。

//weight说明： 
1. 如果脚本执行成功(退出状态码为0)，weight大于0，则priority增加。
2. 如果脚本执行失败(退出状态码为非0)，weight小于0，则priority减少。
3. 其他情况下，priority不变。

real_server段配置

weight <INT>            //给服务器指定权重。默认是1
inhibit_on_failure      //当服务器健康检查失败时，将其weight设置为0， \
                        //而不是从Virtual Server中移除
notify_up <STRING>      //当服务器健康检查成功时，执行的脚本
notify_down <STRING>    //当服务器健康检查失败时，执行的脚本
uthreshold <INT>        //到这台服务器的最大连接数
lthreshold <INT>        //到这台服务器的最小连接数

tcp_check段配置

connect_ip <IP ADDRESS>     //连接的IP地址。默认是real server的ip地址
connect_port <PORT>         //连接的端口。默认是real server的端口
bindto <IP ADDRESS>         //发起连接的接口的地址。
bind_port <PORT>            //发起连接的源端口。
connect_timeout <INT>       //连接超时时间。默认是5s。
fwmark <INTEGER>            //使用fwmark对所有出去的检查数据包进行标记。
warmup <INT>    //指定一个随机延迟，最大为N秒。可防止网络阻塞。如果为0，则关闭该功能。
retry <INIT>                //重试次数。默认是1次。
delay_before_retry <INT>    //默认是1秒。在重试之前延迟多少秒。

2.3 实例

global_defs {
    router_id LVS_Server
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 150
    nopreempt
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass wangqing
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {  
        172.16.12.250 dev ens33
    }
}
virtual_server 172.16.12.250 80 {
    delay_loop 3
    lvs_sched rr
    lvs_method DR
    protocol TCP
    real_server 172.16.12.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
    real_server 172.16.12.130 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 8080
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

3.脑裂

在高可用（HA）系统中，当联系2个节点的“心跳线”断开时，本来为一整体、动作协调的HA系统，就分裂成为2个独立的个体。由于相互失去了联系，都以为是对方出了故障。两个节点上的HA软件像“裂脑人”一样，争抢“共享资源”、争起“应用服务”，就会发生严重后果——或者共享资源被瓜分、2边“服务”都起不来了；或者2边“服务”都起来了，但同时读写“共享存储”，导致数据损坏（常见如数据库轮询着的联机日志出错）。
　　
对付HA系统“裂脑”的对策，目前达成共识的的大概有以下几条：

添加冗余的心跳线，例如：双线条线（心跳线也HA），尽量减少“裂脑”发生几率；
启用磁盘锁。正在服务一方锁住共享磁盘，“裂脑”发生时，让对方完全“抢不走”共享磁盘资源。但使用锁磁盘也会有一个不小的问题，如果占用共享盘的一方不主动“解锁”，另一方就永远得不到共享磁盘。现实中假如服务节点突然死机或崩溃，就不可能执行解锁命令。后备节点也就接管不了共享资源和应用服务。于是有人在HA中设计了“智能”锁。即：正在服务的一方只在发现心跳线全部断开（察觉不到对端）时才启用磁盘锁。平时就不上锁了。
设置仲裁机制。例如设置参考IP（如网关IP），当心跳线完全断开时，2个节点都各自ping一下参考IP，不通则表明断点就出在本端。不仅“心跳”、还兼对外“服务”的本端网络链路断了，即使启动（或继续）应用服务也没有用了，那就主动放弃竞争，让能够ping通参考IP的一端去起服务。更保险一些，ping不通参考IP的一方干脆就自我重启，以彻底释放有可能还占用着的那些共享资源

3.1 脑裂产生的原因

一般来说，脑裂的发生，有以下几种原因：

高可用服务器对之间心跳线链路发生故障，导致无法正常通信
- 因心跳线坏了（包括断了，老化）
- 因网卡及相关驱动坏了，ip配置及冲突问题（网卡直连）
- 因心跳线间连接的设备故障（网卡及交换机）
- 因仲裁的机器出问题（采用仲裁的方案）
高可用服务器上开启了 iptables防火墙阻挡了心跳消息传输
高可用服务器上心跳网卡地址等信息配置不正确，导致发送心跳失败
其他服务配置不当等原因，如心跳方式不同，心跳广插冲突、软件Bug等

注意：

Keepalived配置里同一 VRRP实例如果 virtual_router_id两端参数配置不一致也会导致裂脑问题发生。

3.2 脑裂的常见解决方案

在实际生产环境中，我们可以从以下几个方面来防止裂脑问题的发生：

同时使用串行电缆和以太网电缆连接，同时用两条心跳线路，这样一条线路坏了，另一个还是好的，依然能传送心跳消息
当检测到裂脑时强行关闭一个心跳节点（这个功能需特殊设备支持，如Stonith、feyce）。相当于备节点接收不到心跳消患，通过单独的线路发送关机命令关闭主节点的电源
做好对裂脑的监控报警（如邮件及手机短信等或值班）.在问题发生时人为第一时间介入仲裁，降低损失。例如，百度的监控报警短信就有上行和下行的区别。报警消息发送到管理员手机上，管理员可以通过手机回复对应数字或简单的字符串操作返回给服务器.让服务器根据指令自动处理相应故障，这样解决故障的时间更短.

当然，在实施高可用方案时，要根据业务实际需求确定是否能容忍这样的损失。对于一般的网站常规业务.这个损失是可容忍的

3.3 对脑裂进行监控

对脑裂的监控应在备用服务器上进行，通过添加zabbix自定义监控进行。
监控什么信息呢？监控备上有无VIP地址

备机上出现VIP有两种情况：

发生了脑裂
正常的主备切换

监控只是监控发生脑裂的可能性，不能保证一定是发生了脑裂，因为正常的主备切换VIP也是会到备上的。

监控脚本如下：

[root@slave ~]# mkdir -p /scripts && cd /scripts
[root@slave scripts]# vim check_keepalived.sh
#!/bin/bash

if [ `ip a show ens33 |grep 172.16.12.250|wc -l` -ne 0 ]
then
    echo "keepalived is error!"
else
    echo "keepalived is OK !"
fi

编写脚本时要注意，网卡要改成你自己的网卡名称，VIP也要改成你自己的VIP，最后不要忘了给脚本赋予执行权限，且要修改/scripts目录的属主属组为zabbix

4.keepalived高可用

环境说明：

主机名	ip
master	192.168.188.128
backup	192.168.188.129

4.1keepalived安装

配置主keepalived

#关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

#安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived

#查看安装生成的文件
[root@master ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived  //配置目录
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  //此为主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a/410997e11c666114ca6d785e58ff0cc248744e
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f/ba0d6bad6cb5ff7b074e703849ed93bebf4a0f
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service
/usr/libexec/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/AUTHOR
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/CONTRIBUTORS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/README
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/TODO
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.HTTP_GET.port
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.IPv6
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.PING_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SMTP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SSL_GET
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SYNOPSIS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.UDP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.conditional_conf
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.fwmark
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.inhibit
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check_arg
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.quorum
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.sample
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.status_code
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.track_interface
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtual_server_group
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtualhost
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.localcheck
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.lvs_syncd
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.routes
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.rules
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.scripts
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.static_ipaddress
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.sync
/usr/share/man/man1/genhash.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/keepalived.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/keepalived.8.gz
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/KEEPALIVED-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRP-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRPv3-MIB.txt

用同样的方法在备服务器上安装keepalived

#关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@backup ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
[root@backup ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@backup ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

#安装keepalived
[root@backup ~]# yum -y install keepalived

4.2在主备机上分别安装nginx

在master上安装nginx

[root@master ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@master html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@master html]# mv index.html{,.bak}
[root@master html]# echo 'master' > index.html
[root@master html]# cat index.html
master
[root@master html]# systemctl enable --now nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

在备机安装nginx

[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@backup ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@backup html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@backup html]# mv index.html{,.bak}
[root@backup html]# echo 'backup' >index.html
[root@backup html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  index.html.bak  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png

4.3keepalived配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{,.bak}
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf.bak
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass zhang
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived.service
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:79:5f:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 999sec preferred_lft 999sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:5f8d/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

backup配置

[root@backup ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@backup keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@backup keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{,.bak}
[root@backup keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf.bak
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass zhang
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

keepalived通过脚本来监控nginx负载均衡机的状态

[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_n.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_n.sh

[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
  master)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start nginx
        fi
        sendmail
  ;;
  backup)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop nginx
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh

在backup上编写脚本

[root@backup ~]# mkdir /script
[root@backup ~]# cd /script/
[root@backup script]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
  master)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start nginx
        fi
        sendmail
  ;;
  backup)
        nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop nginx
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac
[root@backup script]# chmod +x notify.sh

4.4配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_script nginx_check {                       //增加这一块
    script "/scripts/check_nginx.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass zhang
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
}

track_script {                          //还有这一部分
        nginx_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.188.100"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.188.100"
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

配置备keepalived

backup无需检测nginx是否正常，当升级为MASTER时启动nginx，当降级为BACKUP时关闭

[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass zhang
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.188.100" #在原有的配置中加入此条
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.188.100" #在原有的配置中加入此条
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

4.5测试访问

#模拟nginx服务故障
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop nginx
#可以看到由于keepalived监听到nginx服务故障了，随后停止了keepalived，达到了自动切换主备进行故障转移的效果
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# ./check_n.sh
[root@master scripts]# systemctl status keepalived.service
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sat 2022-10-08 23:24:33 CST; 3s ago
#VIP也没有了
[root@master scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:79:5f:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1023sec preferred_lft 1023sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:5f8d/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

#从backup端可以看到此时VIP在这里，也就是说监听到主keepalived寄到了从端取而代之了
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a9:87:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.129/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1720sec preferred_lft 1720sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea9:872e/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

5.keepalived实现haproxy负载均衡机高可用

环境说明

主机名	ip	服务	系统信息
master	192.168.188.128	haproxy,keepalived	centos8
backup	192.168.188.129	haproxy,keepalived	centos8
RS1	192.168.188.137	httpd	centos8
RS2	192.168.188.132	nginx	centos8

5.1部署web界面

RS1
👉yum源配置

#先配置yum源步骤上方链接有配置方法，这里我就不写了，下载httpd，关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@RS1 ~]# dnf -y install httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@RS1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@RS1 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@RS1 ~]# echo "web1" >/var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

RS2

#与RS1配置一样只不过这里下的是nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@RS2 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@RS2 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@RS2 ~]# echo "web2" >/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service

5.2部署haproxy负载均衡

maser端

#关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@master ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

#创建用户
[root@master ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin haproxy

#安装依赖包
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install make gcc pcre-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel systemd-devel wget vim

#下载haproxy压缩包
[root@master ~]# wget https://src.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/haproxy/haproxy-2.6.0.tar.gz/sha512/7bb70bfb5606bbdac61d712bc510c5e8d5a5126ed8827d699b14a2f4562b3bd57f8f21344d955041cee0812c661350cca8082078afe2f277ff1399e461ddb7bb/haproxy-2.6.0.tar.gz

#解压安装
[root@master ~]# tar -xf haproxy-2.6.0.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# cd haproxy-2.6.0/
[root@master haproxy-2.6.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo |wc -l)  \
> TARGET=linux-glibc  \
> USE_OPENSSL=1  \
> USE_ZLIB=1  \
> USE_PCRE=1  \
> USE_SYSTEMD=1
[root@master haproxy-2.6.0]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy

#复制命令到/usr/sbin目录下
[root@master haproxy-2.6.0]# cp haproxy /usr/sbin/

#修改内核参数
[root@master haproxy-2.6.0]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
......
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1  //添加这两条配置
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@master haproxy-2.6.0]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

#修改配置文件
[root@master ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
    daemon
    maxconn 256

defaults
    mode http
    timeout connect 5000ms
    timeout client 50000ms
    timeout server 50000ms

frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend servers

backend servers
    server web01 192.168.188.137:80
    server web02 192.168.188.132:80

#编写service文件，并启动服务
[root@master ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service
[Unit]
Description=HAProxy Load Balancer
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg   -c -q
ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  -p /var/run/haproxy.pid
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
web1
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
web2
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
web1
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
web2

backup端

#关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@backup ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
[root@backup ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@backup ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

#创建用户
[root@backup ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin haproxy

#安装依赖包
[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install make gcc pcre-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel systemd-devel wget vim

#下载haproxy压缩包
[root@backup ~]# wget https://src.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/haproxy/haproxy-2.6.0.tar.gz/sha512/7bb70bfb5606bbdac61d712bc510c5e8d5a5126ed8827d699b14a2f4562b3bd57f8f21344d955041cee0812c661350cca8082078afe2f277ff1399e461ddb7bb/haproxy-2.6.0.tar.gz

#解压并安装
[root@backup ~]# tar -xf haproxy-2.6.0.tar.gz
[root@backup ~]# cd haproxy-2.6.0/
[root@backup haproxy-2.6.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo |wc -l)  \
> TARGET=linux-glibc  \
> USE_OPENSSL=1  \
> USE_ZLIB=1  \
> USE_PCRE=1  \
> USE_SYSTEMD=1
[root@backup haproxy-2.6.0]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy

#复制命令到/usr/sbin目录下
[root@backup haproxy-2.6.0]# cp haproxy /usr/sbin/

#修改内核参数
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
.......
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@backup ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

#修改配置文件
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
    daemon
    maxconn 256

defaults
    mode http
    timeout connect 5000ms
    timeout client 50000ms
    timeout server 50000ms

frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend servers

backend servers
    server web01 192.168.188.137:80
    server web02 192.168.188.132:80

#编写service文件，并启动服务
[root@backup ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service
[Unit]
Description=HAProxy Load Balancer
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg   -c -q
ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  -p /var/run/haproxy.pid
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@backup ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.188.129
web1
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.188.129
web2
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.188.129
web1
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.188.129
web2

#关掉backup端的haproxy
[root@backup ~]# systemctl stop haproxy.service

5.3部署keepalived高可用

master

[root@master ~]# dnf -y install keepalived

#编辑配置文件，并启动服务
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{,.bak}
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf.bak
[root@master keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
    
    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived.service
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:79:5f:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1398sec preferred_lft 1398sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:5f8d/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.100
web1
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.100
web2

backup端

[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install keepalived
[root@backup ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@backup keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{,.bak}
[root@backup keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@backup keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived.service

5.4编写脚本

master端

[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_haproxy.sh
#!/bin/bash
haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
  master)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start haproxy
        fi
  ;;
  backup)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop haproxy
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_haproxy.sh notify.sh

backup端

[root@backup ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
  master)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start haproxy
        fi
  ;;
  backup)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop haproxy
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh

5.5配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置

master端

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_script haproxy_check {
    script "/scripts/check_haproxy.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
    track_script {  //添加这一块
        haproxy_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.188.100"
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

backup端

backup无需检测nginx是否正常，当升级为MASTER时启动nginx，当降级为BACKUP时关闭

[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}


vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.188.100" //添加这两条
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.188.100"
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@backup scripts]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

5.6测试，模拟haproxy服务故障

#master端
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:79:5f:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1479sec preferred_lft 1479sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:5f8d/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop haproxy.service

[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:79:5f:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1450sec preferred_lft 1450sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:5f8d/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

#backup端
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a9:87:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.129/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1402sec preferred_lft 1402sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea9:872e/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

#开启haproxy服务
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start haproxy.service
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.188.100
web1
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.188.100
web2

6.zabbix监控脑裂和主备切换

环境说明：

主机名	ip地址	服务	系统信息
zabbix	192.168.188.130	httpd mysql php zabbix	centos8
master	192.168.188.128	nginx keepalived	centos8
backup	192.168.188.129	nginx keepalived zabbix_agentd	centos8
RS1	192.168.188.137	httpd nginx	centos8
RS2	192.168.188.132	nginx	centos8

各主机要实现的需求说明：

zabbix主机用于监控master和backup的状态，一旦发生主备转换或脑裂时则发邮件告警给管理员。

master和backup搭建HAproxy作为负载均衡器，部署keepalived实现负载均衡器一主一备的高可用。

master为主，backup为备。VIP我这里设为192.168.188.100，在企业的生产环境中会用公网IP作为VIP

RS1与RS2作为后端的真实服务器，是实际上提供服务给用户的应用服务器。

提示：

本实验环境中各主机均关闭了防火墙与SELinux，配置了YUM仓库(国内网络源)。基础操作不做演示。

本次实验中需自己先备好zabbix服务，确保zabbix的Web管理界面能够正常访问。

6.1部署RS的Web服务

keepalived实现haproxy高可用

部署RS的Web服务

RS01主机配置

[root@RS1 ~]# dnf -y install httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# echo 'RS1' > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd

RS2主机配置

[root@RS2 ~]# dnf -y install nginx
[root@RS2 ~]# echo 'RS2' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx.service

6.2部署haproxy负载均衡

master主机配置

[root@master ~]# dnf -y install make gcc pcre-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel systemd-devel
[root@master ~]# useradd -Mrs /sbin/nologin haproxy
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@master src]# wget https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.6/src/haproxy-2.6.6.tar.gz
[root@master src]# tar -xf haproxy-2.6.6.tar.gz
[root@master src]# cd haproxy-2.6.6/
[root@master haproxy-2.6.6]# make clean
[root@master haproxy-2.6.6]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) \
TARGET=linux-glibc \
USE_OPENSSL=1 \
USE_ZLIB=1 \
USE_PCRE=1 \
USE_SYSTEMD=1
[root@master haproxy-2.6.6]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
[root@master haproxy-2.6.6]# cp haproxy /usr/sbin/
[root@master ~]# echo 'net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@master ~]# echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@master ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
    daemon
    maxconn 256

defaults
    mode http
    timeout connect 5000ms
    timeout client 50000ms
    timeout server 50000ms

frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend servers

backend servers
    server web1 192.168.188.137:80
    server web2 192.168.188.132:80
[root@master ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=HAProxy Load Balancer
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg   -c -q
ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  -p /var/run/haproxy.pid
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]# systemctl start haproxy.service
[root@master ~]# ss -anllt
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q               Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port        Process
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:80                       0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN        0             128                           [::]:22                          [::]:*
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
RS1
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
RS2
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
RS1
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
RS2

backup主机配置

[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install make gcc pcre-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel systemd-devel
[root@backup ~]# useradd -Mrs /sbin/nologin haproxy
[root@backup ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@backup src]# wget https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.6/src/haproxy-2.6.6.tar.gz
[root@backup src]# tar -xf haproxy-2.6.6.tar.gz
[root@backup src]# cd haproxy-2.6.6/
[root@backup haproxy-2.6.6]# make clean
[root@backup haproxy-2.6.6]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) \
TARGET=linux-glibc \
USE_OPENSSL=1 \
USE_ZLIB=1 \
USE_PCRE=1 \
USE_SYSTEMD=1
[root@backup haproxy-2.6.6]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
[root@backup haproxy-2.6.6]# cp haproxy /usr/sbin/
[root@backup ~]# echo 'net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@backup ~]# echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@backup ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
    daemon
    maxconn 256

defaults
    mode http
    timeout connect 5000ms
    timeout client 50000ms
    timeout server 50000ms

frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend servers

backend servers
    server web1 192.168.188.137:80
    server web2 192.168.188.132:80
[root@backup ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=HAProxy Load Balancer
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg   -c -q
ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  -p /var/run/haproxy.pid
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
[root@backup ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start haproxy.service
[root@backup ~]# ss -anllt
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q               Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port        Process
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:80                       0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN        0             128                           [::]:22                          [::]:*
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
RS1
[root@backup~]# curl 192.168.188.128
RS2
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
RS1
[root@backup ~]# curl 192.168.188.128
RS2
[root@backup ~]# systemctl stop haproxy.service

6.3部署keepalived高可用

master端

[root@master ~]# strings /dev/urandom |tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c8; echo
avUSem2K
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install keepalived
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 81
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass avUSem2K
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.137 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.132 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:9e:e3:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 936sec preferred_lft 936sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9e:e3c1/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.100
RS1
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.100
RS2
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.100
RS1
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.188.100
RS2

backup端

[root@backup ~]# dnf -y install keepalived
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 81
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass avUSem2K
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

6.4测试keepalived高可用

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:9e:e3:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1527sec preferred_lft 1527sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9e:e3c1/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:e4:f5:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.129/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1589sec preferred_lft 1589sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee4:f59d/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

6.5配置keepalived加入监控脚本实现半自动主备切换

所谓半自动主备切换意思是，当主keepalived挂掉了，监控脚本检测到后，备keepalived会自动成为新的主keepalived。当旧主keepalived恢复后想要重新成为主卡时需要系统管理员手动切换。

master

编写监控脚本

[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_haproxy.sh
#!/bin/bash
haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
  master)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start haproxy
        fi
  ;;
  backup)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop haproxy
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_haproxy.sh notify.sh

在keepalived配置文件中加入监控脚本

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_script haproxy_check {
    script "/scripts/check_haproxy.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
    track_script {  //添加这一块
        haproxy_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.188.100"
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

backup端

backup无需检测nginx是否正常，当升级为MASTER时启动nginx，当降级为BACKUP时关闭

编写监控脚本

[root@backup ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
  master)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start haproxy
        fi
  ;;
  backup)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop haproxy
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh

在keepalived配置文件中加入监控脚本

[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}


vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.188.100
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.188.100" //添加这两条
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.188.100"
}

virtual_server 192.168.188.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.188.128 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.188.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@backup scripts]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

6.6进行测试，手动停止负载均衡器模拟故障

#master端
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:79:5f:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1479sec preferred_lft 1479sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:5f8d/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop haproxy.service

[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:79:5f:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1450sec preferred_lft 1450sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:5f8d/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

#backup端
[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a9:87:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.129/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1402sec preferred_lft 1402sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea9:872e/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

#手动让master主机再次成为主keepalived
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service  keepalived.service
#可以看到此时VIP又回到了master主机上
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:79:5f:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.188.128/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1479sec preferred_lft 1479sec
    inet 192.168.188.100/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:5f8d/64 scope link noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

6.7zabbix监控脑裂

本次实验中需自己先备好zabbix服务，确保zabbix的Web管理界面能够正常访问

部署zabbix请参考我的另一篇博客👉zabbix部署

[root@backup ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin zabbix
[root@backup ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@backup src]# wget https://cdn.zabbix.com/zabbix/sources/stable/6.2/zabbix-6.2.2.tar.gz
[root@backup src]# tar -xf zabbix-6.2.2.tar.gz
[root@backup src]# cd zabbix-6.2.2/
[root@backup zabbix-6.2.2]# ./configure --enable-agent
............
***********************************************************
*            Now run 'make install'                       *
*                                                         *
*            Thank you for using Zabbix!                  *
*              <http://www.zabbix.com>                    *
***********************************************************
[root@backup zabbix-6.2.2]# make && make install
[root@backup ~]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
.............
Server=192.168.92.139			#修改为zabbix服务端的IP
.............
ServerActive=192.168.92.139		#修改为zabbix服务端的IP
.............
Hostname=HAproxy_backup			#这里设置的主机名用于给zabbix调用的
.............
[root@backup ~]# zabbix_agentd
[root@backup ~]# ss -anlt
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q               Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port        Process
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:10050                    0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN        0             128                           [::]:22                          [::]:*

编写监控脚本，在agentd配置文件中加入脚本

[root@backup ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# vim check_keepalived.sh
#!/bin/bash

if [ `ip a show ens32 |grep 192.168.188.100|wc -l` -ne 0 ];then
    echo "1"
else
    echo "0"
fi
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x check_keepalived.sh
...................
UnsafeUserParameters=1					#在文件末尾加入这两行
UserParameter=check_keepalived,/bin/bash /scripts/check_keepalived.sh
[root@backup scripts]# pkill zabbix_agentd
[root@backup scripts]# zabbix_agentd
[root@backup scripts]# ss -anlt
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q               Local Address:Port                Peer Address:Port        Process
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN        0             128                        0.0.0.0:10050                    0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN        0             128                           [::]:22                          [::]:*

在zabbix服务端的Web管理界面添加主机，监控项，触发器，邮件告警媒介

这里演示图我放以前截图，192.168.92.139就是现在zabbix192.168.188.130的IP，192.168.92.128就是现在backup192.168.188.129IP

在这里插入图片描述

由于该zabbix服务端先前已配置邮箱告警，这里不作演示。如何配置请参考这篇博客(添加媒介)👉配置邮箱告警

模拟master发生故障

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop haproxy.service

在这里插入图片描述

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