多线程基础

1.多线程基本原理

1、普通方法和调用和多线程

  • 普通方法调用:只有主线程一条执行路径
  • 多线程:多条执行路径,主线程和子线程并行交替执行

2、程序,进程,多线程

  • 程序:静态概念,指令和数据的有序集合

  • 进程:动态概念,执行程序的一次执行过程

  • 线程:CPU调度和执行的单位。在一个进程中可以包含若干个线程

  • 核心点:

    • 线程就是独立的执行路径
    • 程序运行时,即使没有自己创建线程,后台也会有多个线程,(主线程,gc线程)
    • 线程的运行由调度器安排调度,先后顺序不能人为干预
    • 线程会带来额外开销,如cpu调度时间并发控制开销(同一资源的资源抢夺)
    • 每个线程在自己的工作内存交互,内存控制不当会造成数据不一致

3、线程创建

1.继承Thread类

  • 线程开启不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行!
package com.wu.demo01;

//创建线程方式:继承thread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码---"+i);
        }
    }
  //main线程,主线程
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个线程对象
        TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();
        //调用start()方法开启线程
        testThread1.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
        }
    }
}

例子:实现多线程同步下载图片

  • 需要用到的工具:commons-io-2.8.0.jar包
  • 思想:形式参数不是先写的,是根据我们要什么才写什么
package com.wu.demo01;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestThread2(String url,String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }
    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.dowmloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://img.zhisheji.com/Fn36sXmOu83pLZouwbqn-ubs6YUH?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","1.jpg");
        TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://img.zhisheji.com/FhC4pyKxrhHlKFo9LYBT-LLbenYk?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","2.jpg");
        TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2("https://img.zhisheji.com/FpUZGVVXyYCe9TX-rC_bjb7kwqjS?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","3.jpg");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader{
    //下载方法
    public void dowmloader(String url,String name){
        try {
            //一个别人写好的下载工具类!
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("io异常,dowmloader方法有问题!");
        }
    }
}

2.实现Runnable接口

package com.wu.demo01;

//创建线程方式2:实现Runnable接口,重写run方法,
//执行线程需要丢入Runnable接口的实现类,调用start()方法
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //run方法线程体
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码---"+i);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       //创建Runnable接口的实现类对象
        TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();
// Thread thread = new Thread(testThread3);
// thread.start();
      //创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程,静态代理
        new Thread(testThread3).start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
        }
    }
}
  • 创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程(静态代理模式)

    new Thread(testThread3).start();

小结:

  • 继承Thread类:

    • 子类继承Thread类具备多线程能力
    • 启动线程:子类对象.start()
    • 不建议使用:避免oop单继承局限性
  • 实现Runnable接口:

    • 实现Runnable接口具有多线程能力
  • 启动线程:传入目标对象+Thread对象.start()

    • 推荐使用:灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用

多个线程同时操作同一个对象: 将不安全–>线程同步

package com.wu.demo01;
//多个线程同时操作同一个对象
//买火车票的例子
//发现问题,多个线程操作同一资源的情况下,线程不安全,数据紊乱。
public class TestThread4 implements Runnable{
//票数
private int ticketNums = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
    while (true){
        if(ticketNums<=0){
            break;
        }
        //模拟延时
        try {
            Thread.sleep(200);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"票");
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    TestThread4 ticket = new TestThread4();

    new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
    new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
    new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}

}

3.实现Callable接口

  • 可以定义返回值
  • 可以抛出异常
package com.wu.demo02;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

//创建线程方式3:实现callable接口
/*
1.可以定义返回值
2.可以抛出异常
 */
public class TestCallable implements Callable {
    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestCallable(String url,String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }
    //下载图片线程的执行体

    @Override
    public Boolean call() throws Exception {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.dowmloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name);
        return true;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://img.zhisheji.com/Fn36sXmOu83pLZouwbqn-ubs6YUH?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","1.jpg");
        TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://img.zhisheji.com/FhC4pyKxrhHlKFo9LYBT-LLbenYk?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","2.jpg");
        TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://img.zhisheji.com/FpUZGVVXyYCe9TX-rC_bjb7kwqjS?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","3.jpg");
        //创建执行服务:
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        //提交执行
        Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
        Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
        Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
        //获取结果
        boolean rs1 = r1.get();
        boolean rs2 = r2.get();
        boolean rs3 = r3.get();
        //关闭服务
        ser.shutdown();
    }
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
    //下载方法
    public void dowmloader(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("io异常,dowmloader方法有问题!");
        }
    }

}

2、静态代理

1.使用场景:真实对象/代理对象

  • 真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一接口
  • 代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
  • 真实的对象专注做自己的事情
package com.wu.demo03;

//静态代理模式总结:
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一接口
//代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
//真实的对象专注做自己的事情

public class StaticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //静态代理与多线程的关系
        //Runnable接口             Marry
        //Thread                  WeddingCompany()
        //实现Runnable接口的其他类   You()
        new Thread(new Runnable() {@Override public void run() {}}).start();
        WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You("小明"));
        weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
    }
}

interface Marry{
    //人间四大喜事:久旱逢甘露/他乡遇故知/洞房花烛夜/金榜题名时
    void HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色,你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
    public You(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    private  String name;
    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println(this.name+"要结婚了,超开心");
    }
}
//代理角色,帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
    //代理谁--真实目标角色
    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();//真实对象
        after();
    }

    private void before() {
        System.out.println("结婚之前:布置现场");
    }
    private void after() {
        System.out.println("结婚之后,收尾款");
    }


}

3、Lambda表达式

1.使用原因:

  • 避免匿名内部类定义过多
  • 使代码简洁!
  1. 条件:函数式接口
  • 定义:任何接口,只包含一个抽象方法

2.发展过程:

package com.wu.demo04;

/*
推导Lambdal表达式:
 */
public class TestLambda1 {

    //3.静态内部类
    static class Like2 implements ILike{
        @Override
        public void lambda() {
            System.out.println("I am lambda2");
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILike like = new Like();
        like.lambda();

        like = new Like2();
        like.lambda();

        //4.局部内部类
        class Like3 implements ILike{
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("I am lambda3");
            }
        }
        like = new Like3();
        like.lambda();

        //5.匿名内部类,没有类的名称,必须借助接口或者父类
        like = new ILike() {
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println("I am lambda4");
            }
        };
        like.lambda();

        //6.用lambda简化
        like = ()-> {
            System.out.println("I am lambda5");
        };
        like.lambda();
    }
}

	//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
    void lambda();
}
	//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{
    @Override
    public void lambda() {
        System.out.println("I am lambda");
    }
}

3.简化lambda表达式

package com.wu.demo04;

public class TestLambda2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

      Ilove love = (int a)-> {
               System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
          };
      //简化1.去掉参数类型
         love = (a)-> {
          System.out.println("I love you-->"+a+"");
       };
       //简化2.简化括号
       love =  a-> {
            System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
       };
      //简化3.去掉花括号
       love =  a-> System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
       //总结:
        //1.lambda表达式只能有一行的情况下才能简化成一行,多行用代码块包裹
        //2.前提是接口为函数式接口
        //3.多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉就都去掉,必须加上括号!
        love.love(222);

    }

}
interface  Ilove{
    void love(int a);
}

4.用处:

Runnable接口可以使用lambda表达式简化代码!

4、线程状态

  • 创建状态

  • 就绪状态

  • 运行状态

  • 阻塞状态

  • 死亡状态

    [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-o7yU12DF-1614071087789)(C:\Users\86134\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210112170114390.png)]

1.线程停止

  • 建议使用标志位 -->设置一个标志位
package com.wu.state;

//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止 --> 利用次数,不建议死循环
//2.建议使用标志位 -->设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或destroy等过时或jdk不建议使用的方法
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
    //1.设置一个标志位
    private boolean flag = true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0 ;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run....Thread"+i++);
        }
    }
    //设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位
    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
        new Thread(testStop).start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if(i==900){
                //调用stop方法,切换标志位,让线程停止
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程该停止了!");
            }
        }
    }
}

2.线程休眠

  • sleep存在异常InterruptedException
  • sleep时间达到后进入就绪状态
  • 每一个对象都有一个锁,sleep()不会释放锁
package com.wu.state;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //tenDown();
        //打印当前系统时间
        Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        //获取当前系统时间
        while (true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss").format(startTime));
            //更新系统时间
            startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        }

    }
      public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
            int num = 10;
            while (true) {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(num--);
                if(num<=0){
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
}

3.线程礼让

package com.wu.state;

//测试礼让线程
//礼让不一定成功,看cpu心情
public class TestYield {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();

        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
  Thread.yield();//礼让
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
    }
}

4.线程强制执行(插队)

  • 不同的地方:thread对象.join()
package com.wu.state;

//测试join方法 想象为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程vip来了"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();

        //主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if(i==200){
                thread.join();//插队 对象调用!!!
            }
            System.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }
}

5.观察线程状态:

package com.wu.state;

//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("=======");
        });
        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//NEW

        //观察启动后
        thread.start(); //启动线程
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//RUNNABLE
        while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){
            //只要线程不终止,就一直输出状态
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态(!!!)
            System.out.println(state);
        }
        //thread.start();
        //IllegalThreadStateException,进入死亡状态之后,不能再次启动!
    }
}

6.线程的优先级

package com.wu.state;

//测试线程的优先级
public class TestPriority {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //先设置优先级,再启动
        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//10
        t4.start();

        t5.setPriority(7);
        t5.start();

        t6.setPriority(8);
        t6.start();

    }
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

7.守护线程(daemon)

  • 虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
package com.wu.state;

//测试守护线程
//上帝守护你
public class TestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        You you = new You();

        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);
        //默认时false表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程。。。
        
        thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动
        new Thread(you).start();//你 用户线程启动。。。
    }
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
        }
    }
}
//你
class You implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
        }
        System.out.println("=========goodbye!world!===========");
    }
}

5、线程同步

  • 多个线程操作同一个资源

  • 并发:同一个对象多个线程同时操作

  • 处理办法:

    • 对象的线程进入这个对象的等待池形成队列!(排队)
    • 锁机制(synchronized),独占资源!

1.不安全问题

package com.wu.syn;

//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
        new Thread(station,"苦逼的我").start();
        new Thread(station,"牛逼的你们").start();
        new Thread(station,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
    }

}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable {

    //票
    private int ticketNum = 10;
    boolean flag = true; //外部停止方式

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while (flag) {
            try {
                buy();
            	Thread.sleep(100); //模拟延时
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        //判断是否有票
        if (ticketNum <= 0) {
            flag = false;
            return;
        } 
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNum--);
    }
}

package com.wu.syn;

//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50,"你");
        Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account, 100,"girlFriend");

        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();
    }
}
//账户
class Account{
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread {
    //账户
    Account account;
    //取了多少钱
    int drawingMoney;
    //现在手里有多少钱
    int nowMoney;
    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }
    //取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {
       //判断有没有钱
        if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
            return;
        }
        //sleep可以放大问题的发生性
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //卡内余额 = 余额 - 你取的钱
        account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
        //你手里的钱
        nowMoney = nowMoney+drawingMoney;

        System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
        //Thread.currentThread().getName() == this.getName() 继承了
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
    }
}
package com.wu.syn;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

2.同步方法

  • synchronized方法控制对对象的访问,每个对象对应一把锁
package com.wu.syn;

//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
        new Thread(station,"苦逼的我").start();
        new Thread(station,"牛逼的你们").start();
        new Thread(station,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
    }

}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable {

    //票
    private int ticketNum = 10;
    boolean flag = true; //外部停止方式

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while (flag) {
            try {
                buy();
                //模拟延时
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    //synchronized,同步方法,锁的是this
    private  synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        //判断是否有票
        if (ticketNum <= 0) {
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNum--);
    }
}

3.同步块

  • synchronized(Obj){}
  • Obj:同步监视器
  • 锁的对象就是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
package com.wu.syn;

//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(1000,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50,"你");
        Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account, 100,"girlFriend");

        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();
    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread {

    //账户
    Account account;
    //取了多少钱
    int drawingMoney;
    //现在手里有多少钱
    int nowMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;

    }

    //取钱
    @Override
    //synchronized 默认锁的是this
    public  void run() {
        //锁的对象就是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
        synchronized(account){
            //判断有没有钱
            if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
                return;
            }
            //sleep可以放大问题的发生性
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            //卡内余额 = 余额 - 你取的钱
            account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
            //你手里的钱
            nowMoney = nowMoney+drawingMoney;

            System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
            //Thread.currentThread().getName() == this.getName() 继承了
            System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱:"+nowMoney);
        }

    }
}
package com.wu.syn;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list) {
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}
  • 测试JUC安全类型的集合
package com.wu.syn;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

//测试JUC安全类型的集合
public class TestJUC {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = 
            new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(3000);
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

6.死锁

  • 定义:多个程序各自占有一些共享资源,某一个同步块同时拥有“两个以上对象的锁
  • 解决办法:将两个同步块分开,不嵌套。
package com.wu.deadlock;

//死锁:多个线程互行抱着对方需要的资源,然后形成循环
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0, "灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread{

    //需要的资源只有一份,用static来保证只有一份
    static  Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static  Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
    int choice;   //选择
    String girdName;//化妆的人
    Makeup(int choice,String girdName){
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girdName = girdName;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //化妆,互行持有对方的锁,就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if(choice==0){
            synchronized (lipstick){ //获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girdName+"获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            synchronized (mirror){ //1秒钟后想获得镜子
                System.out.println(this.girdName+"获得镜子的锁");
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) { //获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girdName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            synchronized (lipstick) { //1秒钟后想获得口红
                System.out.println(this.girdName + "获得口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }
}

2.锁

  • 同步锁使用Lock对象充当,线程开始访问共享资源之前应先获得Lock对象

  • ReentrantLock(可重复锁)

  • 加锁,解锁

    package com.wu.important;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
    
    //测试Lock锁
    public class TestLock {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
            new Thread(testLock2).start();
            new Thread(testLock2).start();
            new Thread(testLock2).start();
        }
    }
    class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
        int ticketNums = 10;
        //定义lock锁
        private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while(true){
                lock.lock();//加锁
                try {
                    if(ticketNums<=0){
                        break;
                    }else {        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ticketNums--);
                    }
                }finally {
                    lock.unlock();//解锁
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
    
            }
        }
    }
    

3.线程协作

  • 生产者消费者问题

生产者-------------------------------->数据缓存区<------------------------------消费者

  • 线程同步问题,生产者和消费者共享同一个资源,并且生产者和消费者之间相互依赖,互为条件!

  • 线程通信:wait()notify()

    • 管程法
package com.wu.important;

//测试:生产消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决!
//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Syncontainer container = new Syncontainer();

        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    Syncontainer container;
    public Productor(Syncontainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }
    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    Syncontainer container;
    public Consumer(Syncontainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }
    //消费
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了第"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//产品
class Chicken{
    int id; //编号
    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}
//缓冲区
class Syncontainer{
    //需要一个容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;
    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //如果容器满了,就需要等待消费者消费
        if(count == chickens.length){
            //通知消费者消费,生产等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果没有满,我们就需要丢入产品
        chickens[count++]=chicken;

        //可以通知消费者消费了
        this.notifyAll();
    }
    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        //判断能否消费
        if(count==0){
            //等待生产者生产
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
        //吃完了,通知生产者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }
}
  • 标志位
package com.wu.important;

//测试:生产消费者模型2-->利用标志位解决!
//录播综艺节目
public class TestPC2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者--演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if(i%2==0){
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
            }else {
                this.tv.play("抖音:记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者--观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}
//产品--节目
class TV{
    //演员表演,观众等待 T
    //观众观看,演员等待 F
    String voice;
    boolean flag = true;
    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice){
        if(!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了:"+voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

    //观看
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了:"+voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
}

4.线程池

  • 思路:提前创建好多个线程,放入线程池中,使用时获取,使用完放回!!

  • 作用:

    • 提高响应速度
    • 降低资源消耗
    • 便于线程管理
  • ExecutorService:真正的线程池接口,由工具类Executors.__()获取

  • 执行:

    • execute(Runnable接口),无返回值
    • Future submit(Callable接口)
  • 关闭:shutdown()

package com.wu.important;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

//测试线程池
public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建服务,创建线程池
        //Executors.newFixedThreadPool()参数为:线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        //执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        //2.关闭连接
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

5.总结:

package com.wu.important;

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

//给回顾总结线程的创建
public class TestNew {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyThread1().start();

        new Thread(new MyThread2()).start();

        FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(new MyThread3());
        new Thread(futureTask).start();
        try {
            Integer integer = futureTask.get();
            System.out.println(integer);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

//1.继承Thread类
class MyThread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("mythread1");
    }
}

//2.实现Runnable接口
class MyThread2 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("mythread2");
    }
}

//3.实现Callable接口
class MyThread3 implements Callable{
    @Override
    public Integer call() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("mythread3");
        return 100;
    }
}
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