1.多线程基本原理
1、普通方法和调用和多线程
- 普通方法调用:只有主线程一条执行路径
- 多线程:多条执行路径,主线程和子线程并行交替执行
2、程序,进程,多线程
-
程序:静态概念,指令和数据的有序集合
-
进程:动态概念,执行程序的一次执行过程
-
线程:CPU调度和执行的单位。在一个进程中可以包含若干个线程。
-
核心点:
- 线程就是独立的执行路径
- 程序运行时,即使没有自己创建线程,后台也会有多个线程,(主线程,gc线程)
- 线程的运行由调度器安排调度,先后顺序不能人为干预
- 线程会带来额外开销,如cpu调度时间,并发控制开销(同一资源的资源抢夺)
- 每个线程在自己的工作内存交互,内存控制不当会造成数据不一致
3、线程创建
1.继承Thread类
- 线程开启不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行!
package com.wu.demo01;
//创建线程方式:继承thread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码---"+i);
}
}
//main线程,主线程
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个线程对象
TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();
//调用start()方法开启线程
testThread1.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
}
}
}
例子:实现多线程同步下载图片
- 需要用到的工具:commons-io-2.8.0.jar包
- 思想:形式参数不是先写的,是根据我们要什么才写什么
package com.wu.demo01;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
private String url;
private String name;
public TestThread2(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.dowmloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://img.zhisheji.com/Fn36sXmOu83pLZouwbqn-ubs6YUH?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","1.jpg");
TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://img.zhisheji.com/FhC4pyKxrhHlKFo9LYBT-LLbenYk?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","2.jpg");
TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2("https://img.zhisheji.com/FpUZGVVXyYCe9TX-rC_bjb7kwqjS?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","3.jpg");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void dowmloader(String url,String name){
try {
//一个别人写好的下载工具类!
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("io异常,dowmloader方法有问题!");
}
}
}
2.实现Runnable接口
package com.wu.demo01;
//创建线程方式2:实现Runnable接口,重写run方法,
//执行线程需要丢入Runnable接口的实现类,调用start()方法
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码---"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建Runnable接口的实现类对象
TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();
// Thread thread = new Thread(testThread3);
// thread.start();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程,静态代理
new Thread(testThread3).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
}
}
}
-
创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程(静态代理模式)
new Thread(testThread3).start();
小结:
-
继承Thread类:
- 子类继承Thread类具备多线程能力
- 启动线程:子类对象.start()
- 不建议使用:避免oop单继承局限性
-
实现Runnable接口:
- 实现Runnable接口具有多线程能力
-
启动线程:传入目标对象+Thread对象.start()
- 推荐使用:灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用
多个线程同时操作同一个对象: 将不安全–>线程同步
package com.wu.demo01;
//多个线程同时操作同一个对象
//买火车票的例子
//发现问题,多个线程操作同一资源的情况下,线程不安全,数据紊乱。
public class TestThread4 implements Runnable{
//票数
private int ticketNums = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if(ticketNums<=0){
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread4 ticket = new TestThread4();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
}
3.实现Callable接口
- 可以定义返回值
- 可以抛出异常
package com.wu.demo02;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
//创建线程方式3:实现callable接口
/*
1.可以定义返回值
2.可以抛出异常
*/
public class TestCallable implements Callable {
private String url;
private String name;
public TestCallable(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public Boolean call() throws Exception {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.dowmloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://img.zhisheji.com/Fn36sXmOu83pLZouwbqn-ubs6YUH?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","1.jpg");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://img.zhisheji.com/FhC4pyKxrhHlKFo9LYBT-LLbenYk?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","2.jpg");
TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://img.zhisheji.com/FpUZGVVXyYCe9TX-rC_bjb7kwqjS?imageMogr2/quality/90/thumbnail/1220x","3.jpg");
//创建执行服务:
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
//获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r2.get();
boolean rs3 = r3.get();
//关闭服务
ser.shutdown();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void dowmloader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("io异常,dowmloader方法有问题!");
}
}
}
2、静态代理
1.使用场景:真实对象/代理对象
- 真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一接口
- 代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
- 真实的对象专注做自己的事情
package com.wu.demo03;
//静态代理模式总结:
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一接口
//代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
//真实的对象专注做自己的事情
public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//静态代理与多线程的关系
//Runnable接口 Marry
//Thread WeddingCompany()
//实现Runnable接口的其他类 You()
new Thread(new Runnable() {@Override public void run() {}}).start();
WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You("小明"));
weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
//人间四大喜事:久旱逢甘露/他乡遇故知/洞房花烛夜/金榜题名时
void HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色,你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
public You(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
private String name;
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println(this.name+"要结婚了,超开心");
}
}
//代理角色,帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
//代理谁--真实目标角色
private Marry target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry();//真实对象
after();
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("结婚之前:布置现场");
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("结婚之后,收尾款");
}
}
3、Lambda表达式
1.使用原因:
- 避免匿名内部类定义过多
- 使代码简洁!
- 条件:函数式接口
- 定义:任何接口,只包含一个抽象方法。
2.发展过程:
package com.wu.demo04;
/*
推导Lambdal表达式:
*/
public class TestLambda1 {
//3.静态内部类
static class Like2 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I am lambda2");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILike like = new Like();
like.lambda();
like = new Like2();
like.lambda();
//4.局部内部类
class Like3 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I am lambda3");
}
}
like = new Like3();
like.lambda();
//5.匿名内部类,没有类的名称,必须借助接口或者父类
like = new ILike() {
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I am lambda4");
}
};
like.lambda();
//6.用lambda简化
like = ()-> {
System.out.println("I am lambda5");
};
like.lambda();
}
}
//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
void lambda();
}
//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I am lambda");
}
}
3.简化lambda表达式
package com.wu.demo04;
public class TestLambda2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ilove love = (int a)-> {
System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
};
//简化1.去掉参数类型
love = (a)-> {
System.out.println("I love you-->"+a+"");
};
//简化2.简化括号
love = a-> {
System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
};
//简化3.去掉花括号
love = a-> System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
//总结:
//1.lambda表达式只能有一行的情况下才能简化成一行,多行用代码块包裹
//2.前提是接口为函数式接口
//3.多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉就都去掉,必须加上括号!
love.love(222);
}
}
interface Ilove{
void love(int a);
}
4.用处:
Runnable接口可以使用lambda表达式简化代码!
4、线程状态
-
创建状态
-
就绪状态
-
运行状态
-
阻塞状态
-
死亡状态
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1.线程停止
- 建议使用标志位 -->设置一个标志位
package com.wu.state;
//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止 --> 利用次数,不建议死循环
//2.建议使用标志位 -->设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或destroy等过时或jdk不建议使用的方法
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
//1.设置一个标志位
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0 ;
while (flag){
System.out.println("run....Thread"+i++);
}
}
//设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位
public void stop(){
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main"+i);
if(i==900){
//调用stop方法,切换标志位,让线程停止
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程该停止了!");
}
}
}
}
2.线程休眠
- sleep存在异常InterruptedException
- sleep时间达到后进入就绪状态
- 每一个对象都有一个锁,sleep()不会释放锁
package com.wu.state;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//tenDown();
//打印当前系统时间
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
//获取当前系统时间
while (true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss").format(startTime));
//更新系统时间
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
}
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
int num = 10;
while (true) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if(num<=0){
break;
}
}
}
}
3.线程礼让
package com.wu.state;
//测试礼让线程
//礼让不一定成功,看cpu心情
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();//礼让
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
}
}
4.线程强制执行(插队)
- 不同的地方:thread对象.join()
package com.wu.state;
//测试join方法 想象为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("线程vip来了"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
if(i==200){
thread.join();//插队 对象调用!!!
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
}
5.观察线程状态:
package com.wu.state;
//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("=======");
});
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//NEW
//观察启动后
thread.start(); //启动线程
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//RUNNABLE
while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){
//只要线程不终止,就一直输出状态
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态(!!!)
System.out.println(state);
}
//thread.start();
//IllegalThreadStateException,进入死亡状态之后,不能再次启动!
}
}
6.线程的优先级
package com.wu.state;
//测试线程的优先级
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程默认优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
//先设置优先级,再启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//10
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(7);
t5.start();
t6.setPriority(8);
t6.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
7.守护线程(daemon)
- 虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
package com.wu.state;
//测试守护线程
//上帝守护你
public class TestDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);
//默认时false表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程。。。
thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动
new Thread(you).start();//你 用户线程启动。。。
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
}
System.out.println("=========goodbye!world!===========");
}
}
5、线程同步
-
多个线程操作同一个资源
-
并发:同一个对象被多个线程同时操作
-
处理办法:
- 对象的线程进入这个对象的等待池形成队列!(排队)
- 锁机制(synchronized),独占资源!
1.不安全问题
package com.wu.syn;
//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(station,"牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(station,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable {
//票
private int ticketNum = 10;
boolean flag = true; //外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag) {
try {
buy();
Thread.sleep(100); //模拟延时
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticketNum <= 0) {
flag = false;
return;
}
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNum--);
}
}
package com.wu.syn;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50,"你");
Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account, 100,"girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread {
//账户
Account account;
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public void run() {
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额 = 余额 - 你取的钱
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney = nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() == this.getName() 继承了
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
package com.wu.syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
2.同步方法
- synchronized方法控制对对象的访问,每个对象对应一把锁
package com.wu.syn;
//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(station,"牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(station,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable {
//票
private int ticketNum = 10;
boolean flag = true; //外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag) {
try {
buy();
//模拟延时
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//synchronized,同步方法,锁的是this
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticketNum <= 0) {
flag = false;
return;
}
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNum--);
}
}
3.同步块
- synchronized(Obj){}
- Obj:同步监视器
- 锁的对象就是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
package com.wu.syn;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(1000,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50,"你");
Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account, 100,"girlFriend");
you.start();
girlFriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread {
//账户
Account account;
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
//synchronized 默认锁的是this
public void run() {
//锁的对象就是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
synchronized(account){
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额 = 余额 - 你取的钱
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney = nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() == this.getName() 继承了
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱:"+nowMoney);
}
}
}
package com.wu.syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized (list) {
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
- 测试JUC安全类型的集合
package com.wu.syn;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
//测试JUC安全类型的集合
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list =
new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
6.死锁
- 定义:多个程序各自占有一些共享资源,某一个同步块同时拥有“两个以上对象的锁”
- 解决办法:将两个同步块分开,不嵌套。
package com.wu.deadlock;
//死锁:多个线程互行抱着对方需要的资源,然后形成循环
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0, "灰姑娘");
Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread{
//需要的资源只有一份,用static来保证只有一份
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice; //选择
String girdName;//化妆的人
Makeup(int choice,String girdName){
this.choice = choice;
this.girdName = girdName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//化妆
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//化妆,互行持有对方的锁,就是需要拿到对方的资源
private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if(choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){ //获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girdName+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (mirror){ //1秒钟后想获得镜子
System.out.println(this.girdName+"获得镜子的锁");
}
} else {
synchronized (mirror) { //获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girdName + "获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (lipstick) { //1秒钟后想获得口红
System.out.println(this.girdName + "获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
2.锁
-
同步锁使用Lock对象充当,线程开始访问共享资源之前应先获得Lock对象
-
ReentrantLock(可重复锁)
-
加锁,解锁
package com.wu.important; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; //测试Lock锁 public class TestLock { public static void main(String[] args) { TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2(); new Thread(testLock2).start(); new Thread(testLock2).start(); new Thread(testLock2).start(); } } class TestLock2 implements Runnable{ int ticketNums = 10; //定义lock锁 private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(); @Override public void run() { while(true){ lock.lock();//加锁 try { if(ticketNums<=0){ break; }else { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ticketNums--); } }finally { lock.unlock();//解锁 try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
3.线程协作
- 生产者消费者问题
生产者-------------------------------->数据缓存区<------------------------------消费者
-
线程同步问题,生产者和消费者共享同一个资源,并且生产者和消费者之间相互依赖,互为条件!
-
线程通信:wait()notify()
- 管程法
package com.wu.important;
//测试:生产消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决!
//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Syncontainer container = new Syncontainer();
new Productor(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
Syncontainer container;
public Productor(Syncontainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
container.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
Syncontainer container;
public Consumer(Syncontainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//消费
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了第"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id; //编号
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class Syncontainer{
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count = 0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了,就需要等待消费者消费
if(count == chickens.length){
//通知消费者消费,生产等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满,我们就需要丢入产品
chickens[count++]=chicken;
//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断能否消费
if(count==0){
//等待生产者生产
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//吃完了,通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
- 标志位
package com.wu.important;
//测试:生产消费者模型2-->利用标志位解决!
//录播综艺节目
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者--演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
}else {
this.tv.play("抖音:记录美好生活");
}
}
}
}
//消费者--观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品--节目
class TV{
//演员表演,观众等待 T
//观众观看,演员等待 F
String voice;
boolean flag = true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
this.voice = voice;
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观看了:"+voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
}
4.线程池
-
思路:提前创建好多个线程,放入线程池中,使用时获取,使用完放回!!
-
作用:
- 提高响应速度
- 降低资源消耗
- 便于线程管理
-
ExecutorService:真正的线程池接口,由工具类Executors.__()获取
-
执行:
- execute(Runnable接口),无返回值
- Future submit(Callable接口)
-
关闭:shutdown()
package com.wu.important;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
//测试线程池
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务,创建线程池
//Executors.newFixedThreadPool()参数为:线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//2.关闭连接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
5.总结:
package com.wu.important;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
//给回顾总结线程的创建
public class TestNew {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyThread1().start();
new Thread(new MyThread2()).start();
FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(new MyThread3());
new Thread(futureTask).start();
try {
Integer integer = futureTask.get();
System.out.println(integer);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//1.继承Thread类
class MyThread1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("mythread1");
}
}
//2.实现Runnable接口
class MyThread2 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("mythread2");
}
}
//3.实现Callable接口
class MyThread3 implements Callable{
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("mythread3");
return 100;
}
}