MATLAB学习笔记——影像处理进阶

前言

本次主要是为了记录下学习和复习MATLAB中的知识点，以此来巩固一下自己薄弱的知识体系，MATLAB前面基础零散的小知识点就暂时先不管，这次直接奔向画图模块，事先声明，本人是跟着的B站上的教程视频 MATLAB教程_台大郭彦甫（14课）原视频补档，所以博客中的大部分案例也都来自郭老师得教案。

MATLAB对图像进阶处理

图片转换成二进制图

I = imread('rice.png'); level=graythresh(I); 
bw=im2bw(I, level); subplot(1,2,1); imshow(I); 
subplot (1,2,2); imshow(bw);

graythresh - Global image threshold（阈值） using Otsu’s method
This MATLAB function computes a global threshold T from grayscale image I, using Otsu’s method [1].
im2bw - Convert（转换） image to binary image, based on threshold
This MATLAB function converts the grayscale image I to binary image BW, by replacing all pixels in the input image with luminance greater than level with the value 1 (white) and replacing all other pixels with the value 0 (black).

背景图估计

I = imread('rice.png'); 
BG = imopen(I, strel('disk', 15));
imshow(BG);

imopen - Morphologically（心态） open image
This MATLAB function performs morphological opening on the grayscale or binary image I, returning the opened image, J.

去除背景

I = imread('rice.png'); 
subplot(1,3,1); imshow(I); 
BG = imopen(I, strel('disk', 15));
subplot(1,3,2); imshow(BG);
I2 = imsubtract(I, BG);
subplot(1,3,3); imshow(I2);

imsubtract - Subtract one image from another or subtract constant from image（减法）
This MATLAB function subtracts each element in array Y from the corresponding element in array X and returns the difference in the corresponding element of the output array Z

基于阈值把背景去除（更精确）

I = imread('rice.png'); level=graythresh(I);
bw = im2bw(I, level); subplot (1,2,1); 
imshow(bw); BG = imopen(I, strel('disk', 15));
I2 = imsubtract(I, BG); level=graythresh(I2); 
bw2 = im2bw(I2, level); 
subplot(1,2,2); imshow(bw2);

通过连通区域标记

I=imread('rice.png');
BG=imopen(I, strel('disk', 15));
I2=imsubtract(I, BG); level=graythresh(I2); 
BW=im2bw(I2, level); 
[labeled, numObjects]=bwlabel(BW, 8);

bwlabel - Label connected components（区域） in 2-D binary image
This MATLAB function returns the label matrix（矩阵） L that contains labels for the 8-connected objects found in BW.

可以看出，最后计算出来的numObjects为99，所以连通的区域（白色部分）有99，可应用于图像识别的计数。
给图片上色

I=imread('rice.png');
BG=imopen(I, strel('disk', 15));
I2=imsubtract(I, BG); level=graythresh(I2); 
BW=im2bw(I2, level); 
[labeled, numObjects]=bwlabel(BW, 8);
RGB_label=label2rgb(labeled); imshow(RGB_label);

label2rgb - Convert label matrix into RGB image
This MATLAB function converts a label matrix, L, such as those returned by labelmatrix, bwlabel, bwlabeln, or watershed, into an RGB color image for the purpose of visualizing the labeled regions.

交互式选择

I=imread('rice.png'); level=graythresh(I);
BG=imopen(I, strel('disk', 15));
I2=imsubtract(I, BG); BW=im2bw(I2, graythresh(I2)); 
ObjI = bwselect(BW); imshow(ObjI);

bwselect - Select objects in binary image
This MATLAB function returns a binary image containing the objects that overlap the pixel (r,c), where n specifies the connectivity.

选择你要扣出的区域，然后右键