用c++语言实现学生管理系统

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>//用getch()
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
class student//定义一个学生类
{
private:
	char name[20];
	char sex[4];
	int number;
	int score[7];
	int total;
	int average;
	int last;
public:
	student();//定义构造函数，函数名与类名相同
	void input();
	void output();
	void find();
	void correct();
	void deleted();
	void logging();
	void read();
	student & operator=(student & T);//重载“=”运算符
	friend istream & operator >>(istream & scin, student &s1);//重载“>>”运算符
	friend ostream & operator <<(ostream & scout, student &s2);//重载“<<”运算符
};
student stu[200];
int n = 0;
void menu()//菜单函数
{
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t★*******★*****************★********★" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t★          学生管理系统主菜单        ★" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t★*******★*****************★********★" << endl;

	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t---------★ 1. 学生成绩录入 ★---------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t---------★ 2. 浏览学生成绩 ★---------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t---------★ 3. 查询学生成绩 ★---------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t---------★ 4. 修改学生成绩 ★---------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t---------★ 5. 删除存入文件 ★---------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t---------★ 6. 数据存入文件 ★---------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t---------★ 7. 文件读出数据 ★---------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t---------★ 0. 安全退出系统 ★---------" << endl;
	cout << "\t\t\t\t\t 请输入数字(1-7)选择您所需的功能>:";
}
void student::input()//类外定义函数录入学生信息
{
	char m = 'Y';
	while (toupper(m) == 'Y')//toupper的功能是将小写英文字母转换为对应的大写字母，否则返回原来的值
	{
		cin >> stu[n];//设置输入判断字符
		n++;
		cout << "请问需要继续录入吗？（y/n）";
		cin >> m;
		if (toupper(m) != 'Y')
		{
			if (toupper(m) == 'N')
			{
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				cout << "输入错误，请重新输入：";
				cin >> m;
			}
		}
	}
}
void student::output()//类外定义函数输出学生信息
{
	if (n != 0)
	{
		cout << "--------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
		cout << "学号  姓名  性别  语文  英语  数学  物理  化学  生物  平时成绩  总评\n";
		cout << "--------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
		for (int t = 0; t<n; t++)
		{
			cout << stu[t];//重载后的输出运算，按照定义可以输出对象的各个成员，同时保留输出的原有功能
		}
	}
	_getch();//从控制台读取一个字符，但不显示在屏幕上
}
void student::find()//类外定义查询函数
{
	bool count = 0;
	char name1[20];
	student temp;
	cout << "请输入你要查找的学生姓名：";
	cin >> name1;
	for (int j = 0; j<n; j++)
	{
		if (strcmp(stu[j].name, name1) == 0)//字符串比较
		{
			temp = stu[j];
			count = 1;
		}
	}
	if (count == 0)
		cout << "对不起没有你要查找的学生" << endl;
	else
	{
		cout << "--------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
		cout << "学号  姓名  性别  语文  英语  数学  物理  化学  生物  平时成绩  总评\n";
		cout << "--------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
		cout << setw(5) << temp.number << setw(6) << temp.name << setw(6) << temp.sex << setw(6) << temp.score[0]
			<< setw(6) << temp.score[1] << setw(6) << temp.score[2] << setw(6) << temp.score[3] << setw(6) << temp.score[4]
			<< setw(6) << temp.score[5] << setw(6) << temp.score[6] << setw(9) << temp.last << endl;
	}
	_getch();
}
void student::correct()//类外定义修改函数
{
	int count1 = 0;
	int t;
	char n2[50];
	cout << '\n';
	cout << "请输入你要修改的学生姓名：";
	cin >> n2;
	for (int j = 0; j<n; j++)
	{
		if (strcmp(stu[j].name, n2) == 0)//字符串比较函数，对比输入的字符串是否和已有的数据相同
		{
			t = j;
			count1 = 1;
		}
	}
	if (count1 = 0)
		cout << "对不起，没有你要修改的学生";
	else
	{
		cout << "请输入修改后的学生学号：";
		cin >> stu[t].number;
		cout << "请输入修改后的学生姓名：";
		cin >> stu[t].name;
		cout << "请输入修改后的学生性别：";
		cin >> stu[t].sex;
		cout << "请输入修改后的语文成绩：";
		cin >> stu[t].score[0];
		cout << "请输入修改后的数学成绩：";
		cin >> stu[t].score[1];
		cout << "请输入修改后的英语成绩：";
		cin >> stu[t].score[2];
		cout << "请输入修改后的物理成绩：";
		cin >> stu[t].score[3];
		cout << "请输入修改后的化学成绩：";
		cin >> stu[t].score[4];
		cout << "请输入修改后的生物成绩：";
		cin >> stu[t].score[5];
		cout << "请输入修改后的平时成绩：";
		cin >> stu[t].score[6];
		stu[t].total = stu[t].score[0] + stu[t].score[1] + stu[t].score[2] + stu[t].score[3] + stu[t].score[4] + stu[t].score[5];
		stu[t].average = stu[t].total / 6;
		stu[t].last = (int)(stu[t].score[6] * 0.3 + stu[t].average * 0.7);
	}
	_getch();
}
void student::deleted()//类外定义删除函数
{
	char n3[20];
	bool count2 = 0;
	char c;
	do
	{
		cout << '\n';
		cout << "请输入你要删除的学生姓名：";//根据姓名删除学生
		cin >> n3;
		for (int i = 0; i<n; i++)
		{
			count2 = 1;
			n--;
			do
			{
				stu[i] = stu[i + 1];
				i++;
			} while (i <= n);
		}
		if (count2 == 0)
			cout << "你要删除的学生不存在";
		cout << "需要继续删除吗？(y/n)" << endl;
		cin >> c;
		if (toupper(c) != 'Y'&&toupper(c) != 'N')
		{
			cout << "输入错误，只能输入Y或N";

			cin >> c;
		}
	} while (toupper(c) == 'Y');
	_getch();
}
void student::logging()//类外定义读取函数
{
	char filename1[20];
	cout << "请输入文件名：";
	cin >> filename1;
	ofstream fout(filename1,ios::app);//写入数据
	if (!fout)cout << "文件不能打开！";
	else
	{
		for (int i = 0; i<n; i++)
			fout << ' ' << stu[i].number << '  ' << stu[i].name << ' ' << stu[i].sex
			<< ' ' << stu[i].score[0] << ' ' << stu[i].score[2] << ' ' << stu[i].score[3]
			<< ' ' << stu[i].score[4] << ' ' << stu[i].score[5] << ' ' << stu[i].score[6]
			<< ' ' << stu[i].total << ' ' << stu[i].average << ' ' << stu[i].last;
		cout << "保存成功！" << endl;
	}
	fout.close();
	_getch();
}
void student::read()
{
	char filename2[20];
	cout << "请输入要读取的文件：";
	cin >> filename2;
	ifstream fin(filename2, ios::in);//fin是从文件里读数据
	if (!fin)cout << "文件不能打开" << endl;
	else
	{
		for (int i = 0;i<n; i++)
		{
			if (fin.eof())break;//错误文件
			fin >> stu[i].number >> stu[i].name >> stu[i].sex
				>> stu[i].score[0] >> stu[i].score[2] >> stu[i].score[3]
				>> stu[i].score[4] >> stu[i].score[5] >> stu[i].score[6]
				>> stu[i].total >> stu[i].average >> stu[i].last;
		}
		cout << "文件已读取" << endl;
	}
	fin.close();//关闭文件
	_getch();
}
student & student::operator=(student &T)//重载=预算定义
{
	strcpy(name, T.name);
	strcpy(sex, T.sex);
	number = T.number;
	for (int i = 0; i<7; i++)
		score[i] = T.score[i];
	total = T.total;
	average = T.average;
	last = T.last;
	return(*this);
}
ostream & operator << (ostream & scout, student &s2)//重载流插入运算符<<运算定义
{
	cout << setw(5) << s2.number << setw(6) << s2.name << setw(6) << setw(6) << s2.sex << setw(6) << s2.score[0]
		<< setw(6) << s2.score[1] << setw(6) << s2.score[2] << setw(6) << s2.score[3] << setw(6) << s2.score[4]
		<< setw(6) << s2.score[5] << setw(7) << s2.score[6] << setw(9) << s2.last << '\n';
	return scout;
}
istream & operator >>(istream & scin, student &s1)//																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																											重载流插入运算符>>运算定义
{
	cout << '\n';
	cout << "学号：";
	scin >> s1.number;
	cout << "姓名：";
	scin >> s1.name;
	cout << "性别：";
	scin >> s1.sex;
	cout << "语文：";
	scin >> s1.score[0];
	cout << "英语：";
	scin >> s1.score[1];
	cout << "数学：";
	scin >> s1.score[2];
	cout << "物理：";
	scin >> s1.score[3];
	cout << "化学：";
	scin >> s1.score[4];
	cout << "生物：";
	scin >> s1.score[5];
	cout << "平时成绩：";
	scin >> s1.score[6];
	s1.total = s1.score[0] + s1.score[1] + s1.score[2] + s1.score[3] + s1.score[4] + s1.score[5];
	s1.average = s1.total / 6;
	s1.last = (int)(s1.score[6] * 0.3 + s1.average*0.7);
	return scin;
}
student::student()//构造函数完成初始化
{
	strcpy(name, "NULL");
	strcpy(sex, "NULL");
	number = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i<7; i++)score[i] = 0;
	total = 0;
	average = 0;
	last = 0;
}

int main()
{
	int choice;
	student s;
	do
	{
		menu();
		cin >> choice;
		switch (choice)
		{
		case 1:s.input(); break;
		case 2:s.output(); break;
		case 3:s.find(); break;
		case 4:s.correct(); break;
		case 5:s.deleted(); break;
		case 6:s.logging(); break;
		case 7:s.read(); break;
		default:break;
		}
	} while (choice != 0);
}