server端:
/*
select实现单线程多用户
使用select函数可以以非阻塞的方式和多个socket通信。程序只是演示select函数的使用,功能非常简单,
即使某个连接关闭以后也不会修改当前连接数,连接数达到最大值后会终止程序。
1. 程序使用了一个数组fd_A,通信开始后把需要通信的多个socket描述符都放入此数组。
2. 首先生成一个叫sock_fd的socket描述符,用于监听端口。
3. 将 sock_fd和数组fd_A中不为0的描述符放入select将检查的集合fdsr。
4. 处理fdsr中可以接收数据的连接。如果是sock_fd,表明有新连接加入,将新加入连接的socket描述符放置到fd_A。
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define MYPORT 1234 // the port users will be connecting to
#define BACKLOG 5 // how many pending connections queue will hold
#define BUF_SIZE 1024
int fd_A[BACKLOG]; // accepted connection fd
int conn_amount; // current connection amount
void showclient()
{
int i;
printf("client amount: %d\n", conn_amount);
for (i = 0; i < BACKLOG; i++)
{
printf("[%d]:%d ", i, fd_A[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
int main(void)
{
int sock_fd; /* listen on sock_fd */
int new_fd; /* new connection on new_fd */
fd_set fdsr;
int maxsock;
struct timeval tv;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr; /* server address information */
struct sockaddr_in client_addr; /* connector's address information */
socklen_t sin_size;
int yes = 1;
char buf[BUF_SIZE];
int ret;
int i;
if ((sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
if (setsockopt(sock_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(int)) == -1)
{
perror("setsockopt");
exit(1);
}
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // host byte order
server_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT); // short, network byte order
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // automatically fill with my IP
memset(server_addr.sin_zero, '\0', sizeof(server_addr.sin_zero));
if (bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
if (listen(sock_fd, BACKLOG) == -1) {
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
printf("listen port %d\n", MYPORT);
conn_amount = 0;
sin_size = sizeof(client_addr);
maxsock = sock_fd;
while (1) {
// initialize file descriptor set
FD_ZERO(&fdsr);
FD_SET(sock_fd, &fdsr);
// timeout setting
tv.tv_sec = 30;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
// add active connection to fd set
for (i = 0; i < BACKLOG; i++)
{
if (fd_A[i] != 0)
{
FD_SET(fd_A[i], &fdsr);
}
}
ret = select(maxsock + 1, &fdsr, NULL, NULL, &tv);
if (ret < 0)
{
perror("select");
break;
}
else if (ret == 0)
{
printf("timeout\n");
continue;
}
// check every fd in the set
for (i = 0; i < conn_amount; i++)
{
if (FD_ISSET(fd_A[i], &fdsr))
{
ret = recv(fd_A[i], buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
if (ret <= 0)
{ // client close
printf("client[%d] close\n", i);
close(fd_A[i]);
FD_CLR(fd_A[i], &fdsr);
fd_A[i] = 0;
}
else
{ // receive data
if (ret < BUF_SIZE)
{
memset(&buf[ret], '\0', 1);
}
printf("client[%d] send:%s\n", i, buf);
}
}
}
// check whether a new connection comes
if (FD_ISSET(sock_fd, &fdsr))
{
new_fd = accept(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &sin_size);
if (new_fd <= 0)
{
perror("accept");
continue;
}
// add to fd queue
if (conn_amount < BACKLOG)
{
fd_A[conn_amount++] = new_fd;
printf("new connection client[%d] %s:%d\n", conn_amount,
inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port));
if (new_fd > maxsock)
{
maxsock = new_fd;
}
}
else
{
printf("max connections arrive, exit\n");
send(new_fd, "bye", 4, 0);
close(new_fd);
//continue;
break;
}
}
showclient();
}
// close other connections
for (i = 0; i < BACKLOG; i++)
{
if (fd_A[i] != 0)
{
close(fd_A[i]);
}
}
exit(0);
}
/*
当一个用户不断连接再断开的情况下,当连接次数超过maxconnection的时候,就会退出,因此fd_A[i]没有很好的利用
,不能实现动态管理,可以将conn_amount仅作为客户端连接数,而不是有连接就增加,当accept成功的时候,就加1,
当recv=0的时候就减1;可以将 fd_A[conn_amount++] = new_fd;这句程序改为
for(i = 0;i < MAXCLIENT;i++)
{
if(fd[i] == 0)
{
fd[i] = new_fd;
break;
}
}
conn_amount++;
这样就可以重复利用fd[i]的空间;
另外在recv返回值<=0的时候,加一句conn_amount++;
客户端太多可以考虑关闭它的请求就行了,这样整个系统就可以动态与客户端实现连接,
该函数除了实现动态管理最大连接数外,还限制了一个连接的空闲连接时间(MAX_IDLECONNCTIME),
下面读取系统时间这部分即为连接控制,目的就是为了,当一个用户在一定时间内没有连接请求,也没有发送和接受数据,
服务器就可以关掉这个连接,这样同时还有效的制止了一些非常规的断开方法,
比如客户端突然断电,拔掉网线等(这个时候,服务端是检测不到的客户端已断开)。
*/
#if 0
void run()
{
char msg[BUF_SIZE];
int Listen_socket,ret,on;
struct sockaddr_in local_addr;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
int i;
fd_set fdsr; //文件描述符集的定义
socklen_t addr_size;
addr_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
int conn_amount = 0; //当前最大活跃连接数
int new_fd;
struct timeval tv;
//建立socket套接字
if( (Listen_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) == -1)
{
printf("failed create socket");
exit(1);
}
//bind API 函数将允许地址的立即重用
on = 1;
ret = setsockopt( Listen_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
&on, sizeof(on) );
int nNetTimeout=2000;//2
//设置发送时限
setsockopt(Listen_socket,SOL_SOCKET,SO_SNDTIMEO,(char *)&nNetTimeout,sizeof(int) );
//设置接收时限
setsockopt(Listen_socket,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVTIMEO,(char *)&nNetTimeout,sizeof(int));
//设置本机服务类型
local_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
local_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
local_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
//while(flag_port == 0)
//绑定本机IP和端口号
if(bind(Listen_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&local_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)
{
printf("failed bind");
exit(1);
}
//监听客户端连接
if(listen(Listen_socket, 8) == -1)
{
printf("failed listen");
exit(1);
}
int maxsock = Listen_socket;
/***************************************
以下为并发连接处理,系统关键部分
***************************************/
while (1)
{
//每次循环开始都读取系统时间,与上次分钟数比较,为以下超时判断提供依据
if( current_time.currentTime().minute() != lastminute)
{
lastminute = current_time.currentTime().minute();
flag_minutechange = 1;
}
FD_ZERO(&fdsr); //每次进入循环都重建描述符集
FD_SET(Listen_socket, &fdsr);
for (i = 0; i < MAXCLIENT; i++) //将存在的套接字加入描述符集
{
if (fd[i] != 0)
{
FD_SET(fd[i], &fdsr);
if(flag_minutechange == 1)
{
con_time[i]--;
if(con_time[i] <= 0)
{
close(fd[i]);
FD_CLR(fd[i], &fdsr);
fd[i] = 0;
conn_amount--;
}
}
}
}
flag_minutechange = 0;
tv.tv_sec = 1;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
ret = select(maxsock + 1, &fdsr, NULL, NULL,&tv); //关键的select()函数,用来探测各套接字的异常
//如果在文件描述符集中有连接请求或发送请求,会作相应处理,
//从而成功的解决了单线程情况下阻塞进程的情况,实现多用户连接与通信
if (ret < 0) //<0表示探测失败
{
printf("failed select\n");
break;
}
else if (ret == 0) //=0表示超时,下一轮循环
{
printf"timeout\n");
continue;
}
// 如果select发现有异常,循环判断各活跃连接是否有数据到来
for (i = 0; i < conn_amount; i++)
{
if (FD_ISSET(fd[i], &fdsr))
{
ret = recv(fd[i], msg, BUF_SIZE, 0);
if (ret <= 0) // recv<=0,表明客户端关闭连接,服务器也关闭相应连接,并把连接套接子从文件描述符集中清除
{
printf("client[%d] close\n", i);
close(fd[i]);
FD_CLR(fd[i], &fdsr);
fd[i] = 0;
conn_amount--;
}
else //否则表明客户端有数据发送过来,作相应接受处理
{
con_time[i] = MAX_IDLECONNCTIME; //重新写入fd[i]的超时数,再此之后如果MAX_IDLECONNCTIME分钟内此连接无反应,服务器会关闭该连接
if (ret < BUF_SIZE)
printf("client[%d] send:%s\n", i, msg);
msg[ret] = '\0';
//send(fd[i],msg,ret,0);
}
}
}
// 以下说明异常有来自客户端的连接请求
if (FD_ISSET(Listen_socket, &fdsr))
{
new_fd = accept(Listen_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &addr_size);
if (new_fd <= 0)
{
printf("failed accept");
continue;
}
// 判断活跃连接数时候是否小于最大连接数,如果是,添加新连接到文件描述符集中
if (conn_amount < MAXCLIENT)
{
for(i = 0;i < MAXCLIENT;i++)
{
if(fd[i] == 0)
{
fd[i] = new_fd;
con_time[i] = MAX_IDLECONNCTIME; //每次新建立连接,设置该连接的超时数,如果此连接此后MAX_IDLECONNCTIME分钟内无反应,关闭该连接
break;
}
}
conn_amount++;
//fd[conn_amount++] = new_fd;
printf("new connection client[%d] %s:%d\n", conn_amount,
inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port));
if (new_fd > maxsock)
{
maxsock = new_fd;
}
}
else
{
printf("MAXCLIENT arrive, exit\n");
send(new_fd, "over MAXCLIENT\n", 25, 0);
close(new_fd);
continue;
}
}
}
}
#endif
client端:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#define MAXLINE 1024
#define SERV_PORT 1234
//注意输入是由stdin,接受是由server发送过来
//所以在client端也是需要select进行处理的
void sendAndRecv( int connfd )
{
FILE * fp = stdin;
int lens;
char send[MAXLINE];
char recv[MAXLINE];
fd_set rset;
FD_ZERO(&rset );
int maxfd =( fileno( fp ) > connfd ? fileno( fp ) :connfd + 1); // 输入和输出的最大值
int n;
while( 1)
{
FD_SET(fileno( fp ), &rset );
FD_SET(connfd, &rset);
if( select(maxfd, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL ) == -1 )
{
printf("Client Select Error..\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE );
}
//if 连接口有信息
if(FD_ISSET( connfd, &rset ))
{
printf("client get from server ...\n" );
memset(recv, 0, sizeof( recv ) );
n = read(connfd, recv, MAXLINE );
if( n == 0)
{
printf("Recvok...\n");
break;
}
else if( n== -1 )
{
printf("Recverror...\n");
break;
}
else
{
lens =strlen( recv );
recv[lens] ='\0';
//写到stdout
write(STDOUT_FILENO, recv, MAXLINE );
printf("\n");
}
}
//if 有stdin输入
if(FD_ISSET( fileno( fp ), &rset ))
{
// printf("client stdin ...\n");
memset(send, 0, sizeof( send ) );
if( fgets(send, MAXLINE, fp ) == NULL )
{
printf("End...\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE );
}
else
{
lens =strlen( send );
send[lens-1]= '\0'; //!> 减一的原因是不要回车字符
if( strcmp(send, "q" ) == 0 )
{
printf("Bye..\n" );
return;
}
printf("Client send : %s\n", send);
write(connfd, send, strlen( send ) );
}
}
}
}
int main( int argc, char ** argv )
{
char buf[MAXLINE];
int connfd;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
if( argc !=2 )
{
printf("Input server ip !\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE );
}
// 建立套接字
if( ( connfd= socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) ) == -1 )
{
printf("Socket Error:%d...\n" , errno );
exit(EXIT_FAILURE );
}
// 套接字信息
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1],&servaddr.sin_addr);
// 链接server
if( connect(connfd, ( struct sockaddr * )&servaddr, sizeof( servaddr ) ) < 0)
{
printf("Connect error..\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// send and recv
sendAndRecv( connfd );
close(connfd );
printf("Exit\n");
return 0;
}