DHCP 中继

DHCP（动态主机配置）

分配方式

手动 指定一个ip
自动 分配一个ip后永久使用 （常用）
动态 使用完后释放ip 给其他客户机使用（常用）

租约过程

DHCP实验

1、修改服务端配置文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
ifup eth0 
ifconfig #检查ip

vim /etc/hosts #修改映射文件

2、下载DHCP服务

mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom
yum -y install dhcp

rpm -ql dhcp #查询DHCP安装位置
/etc/dhcp
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf
/etc/openldap/schema/dhcp.schema
/etc/portreserve/dhcpd
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd6
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcrelay
/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd

修改DHCP配置文件

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf


#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample#此为DHCP模版配置文件
#   see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
#

将模版文件内容导入到模版文件中
cat /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample > /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers 202.106.0.20, 202.106.148.1; #dns服务器
default-lease-time 21600; #默认租约时间
max-lease-time 43200; #最长租约时间

网段声明：
subnet 192.168.188.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.188.150 192.168.188.170; #网段ip范围 
option routers 192.168.188.2; #网关地址
}


/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart #重启DHCP 服务

验证

客户端成功获取IP地址

DHCP中继

1、 实验环境
服务端 中继端 客户端
三台设备处于不同网段并关闭本地DHCP服务

2、中继端添加网卡

网卡要和网段匹配

3、修改服务端DHCP配置文件

vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

subnet 192.168.188.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.188.150 192.168.188.170; #网段ip范围 
  option routers 192.168.188.2; #网关地址
}
subnet 192.168.189.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.189.150 192.168.189.170; #网段ip范围 
  option routers 192.168.189.2; #网关地址
}
subnet 192.168.190.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.190.150 192.168.190.170; #网段ip范围 
  option routers 192.168.190.2; #网关地址


/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart #重启服务
Shutting down dhcpd:                     [  OK  ]
Starting dhcpd:                          [  OK  ]

}
 

4、修改中继端网卡配置文件

cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1 #复制两个网卡配置文件
cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth2

DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.188.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0

DEVICE=eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.189.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0


DEVICE=eth2
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.190.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.

重启网卡
ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth1 up
ifconfig eth2 up
ifup eth0
Determining if ip address 192.168.188.2 is already in use for device eth0...
RTNETLINK answers: File exists
ifup eth1
Determining if ip address 192.168.189.2 is already in use for device eth1...
ifup eth2
Determining if ip address 192.168.190.2 is already in use for device eth2...

hostname -I #查看ip
192.168.188.151 192.168.188.2 192.168.189.2 192.168.190.2

5、在服务端重启DHCP服务

/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart #重启服务
Shutting down dhcpd:                     [  OK  ]
Starting dhcpd:                          [  OK  ]

6、中继端安装DHCP服务
7、中继端修改dhcrelay配置文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay 
#Command line options here
DHCRELAYARGS="192.168.188.91" #DHCP服务端地址 
#DHCPv4 only
INTERFACES="eth1 eth2" # 
#DHCPv4 only
DHCPSERVERS=""

8、关闭selinux 防火墙

service iptables stop #关闭防火墙
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter    [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:           [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:          [  OK  ]

setenforce 0 #临时关闭selinux
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

9、启动DHCRELAY中继服务

/etc/init.d/dhcrelay start
Starting dhcrelay:                  [  OK  ]
dhcrelay 192.168.188.91  #服务端地址

测试

客户机添加网卡并修改配置文件

cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
dhclient -r eth1 #释放ip
dhclient -d eth1 #获取ip 前台执行
dhclient -d eth0
hostname -I
192.168.189.150 192.168.190.150