Spring Boot Jpa

Spring Boot Jpa 是 Spring 基于 ORM 框架、Jpa 规范的基础上封装的一套 Jpa 应用框架，可使开发者用极简的代码即可实现对数据的访问和操作。它提供了包括增删改查等在内的常用功能，且易于扩展！学习并使用 Spring Data Jpa 可以极大提高开发效率！

Spring Boot Jpa 让我们解脱了 DAO 层的操作，基本上所有 CRUD 都可以依赖于它来实现

具体的关键字，使用方法和生产成SQL如下表所示

Keyword	Sample	JPQL snippet
And	findByLastnameAndFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2
Or	findByLastnameOrFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2
Is,Equals	findByFirstnameIs,findByFirstnameEquals	… where x.firstname = ?1
Between	findByStartDateBetween	… where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2
LessThan	findByAgeLessThan	… where x.age < ?1
LessThanEqual	findByAgeLessThanEqual	… where x.age ⇐ ?1
GreaterThan	findByAgeGreaterThan	… where x.age > ?1
GreaterThanEqual	findByAgeGreaterThanEqual	… where x.age >= ?1
After	findByStartDateAfter	… where x.startDate > ?1
Before	findByStartDateBefore	… where x.startDate < ?1
IsNull	findByAgeIsNull	… where x.age is null
IsNotNull,NotNull	findByAge(Is)NotNull	… where x.age not null
Like	findByFirstnameLike	… where x.firstname like ?1
NotLike	findByFirstnameNotLike	… where x.firstname not like ?1
StartingWith	findByFirstnameStartingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended %)
EndingWith	findByFirstnameEndingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended %)
Containing	findByFirstnameContaining	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in %)
OrderBy	findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc	… where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc
Not	findByLastnameNot	… where x.lastname <> ?1
In	findByAgeIn(Collection ages)	… where x.age in ?1
NotIn	findByAgeNotIn(Collection age)	… where x.age not in ?1
TRUE	findByActiveTrue()	… where x.active = true
FALSE	findByActiveFalse()	… where x.active = false
IgnoreCase	findByFirstnameIgnoreCase	… where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1)

jpa的简单应用

添加依赖

<!-- SpringBoot JPA依赖 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

实体类

/**
 * 使用Spring Data JPA操作数据库，实体类上需要加@Entity注解、主键属性上需要加@Id注解
 */
@Entity //@Entity注解是JPA里提供的注解，标注此类是一个实体类
@Getter
@Setter
public class Message {
    @Id
    private Integer id;
    // 这里如果用apache的dbutils查询的话，字段名称必须和数据库中完全一样。否则结果集封装不进来
    // 此时需要添加一个注解 @Column
    private Integer fromId;

    private Integer toId;

    private String subject;

    private String content;

    private Date createtime;

    private Integer status;

    private String attachment;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Message{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", fromId=" + fromId +
                ", toId=" + toId +
                ", subject='" + subject + '\'' +
                ", content='" + content + '\'' +
                ", createtime=" + createtime +
                ", status=" + status +
                ", attachment='" + attachment + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Dao层接口

public interface MessageDao extends JpaRepository<Message,Integer> {
    //按 status 字段查询
    List<Message> findMessageByStatus(Integer status);

    // @Transactional注解必须加到update、save、delete这些修改数据操作上（否则会报没有可用事务异常）
    @Transactional
    // 下面这俩注解是一组，适合于自定义SQL语句时配合使用
    @Query("delete from Message where id = ?1")
    @Modifying  //如果语句是要修改数据库必须添加@Modifying注解
    void deleteById(Integer id);
}

测试类

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestJpa {

    @Autowired
    private MessageDao messageDao;

    /**
     *  调用Spring JPA 原生findAll方法
     */
    @Test
    public void testFindAll() {
        List<Message> messageList = messageDao.findAll();
        for(Message message : messageList){
            System.out.println(message);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 调用自定义的查询方法，按照status字段查询
     */
    @Test
    public void testFindMessageByStatus(){
        List<Message> messageList = messageDao.findMessageByStatus(2);
        for(Message message : messageList){
            System.out.println(message);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 调用Spring JPA原生saveAndFlush修改数据
     * 注:在修改数据库某个字段的同时,数据库其他字段的值会被清空
     */
    @Test
    public void testUpdateMessage() {
        Message message = new Message();
        message.setId(10);
        message.setContent("秦羽");
        messageDao.saveAndFlush(message);
    }

    /**
     * 调用自定义语句完成删除操作,按照status字段删除
     */
    @Test
    public void testDeleteMessageById() {
        messageDao.deleteById(9);
    }
}

更多jpa的应用请点击此处查阅