【Python】记录七：win10下的anaconda环境中启动tensorflow出错：DLL load failed

在之前的学习中已经安装并启动好了tensorflow，但一段时间没有使用之后，再次启动后却出现了报错：

(tensorflow) C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.3 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Nov  8 2017, 15:10:56) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tensorflow
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\imp.py", line 243, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow  # pylint: disable=unused-import
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 74, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\imp.py", line 243, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "D:\ProgramFiles\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/install_sources#common_installation_problems

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.

这里的启动方式是先打开anaconda prompt窗口，然后输入activate tensorflow命令后，再进入python环境，再输入import tensorflow后报错，如下所示：

在网上搜寻解决方法，大致有以下几种解决方法：

1. 错误提示为DLL load failed，说明缺少一些必须的DLL模块，可以尝试安装Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable程序（如这里的介绍或者这篇博文）。
2. 在anaconda中重新安装tensorflow。可参考这篇博文中最后给出的调试代码来进行bug检查，逐步排查错误。
3. 重新配置cuda和cudnn模块。可能是之前用别的深度学习模块时，改变了cuda和cudnn的配置。检查一下电脑中的cuda和cudnn配置，改为cuda8.0和cudnn-8.0-windows10-x64-v6.0版本（或其他和tensorflow配套的版本）。

尝试上述的3种方法也许可以解决tensorflow启动报错：DLL load failed的问题。