关于字符函数和字符串函数

对其函数的一些具体解释：

https://blog.csdn.net/Z_JUAN1/article/details/80422636

一、strchr

	char str[] = "this is a sample string";
	char *pch;
	printf("looking for the 's' character in\"%s\"...\n",str);
	pch = strchr(str, 's');
	while (pch!=NULL)
	{
		printf("found at %d\n", pch - str + 1);
		pch = strchr(pch + 1, 's');
	}

二、strrchr

char str[] = "this is a sample string";
	char *pch;
	pch = strrchr(str, 's');
	printf("last occurence of 's' found at %d\n",pch-str+1);

三、strpbrk

	char str[] = "this is a sample string";
	char key[] = "aeiou";
    char *pch;
	printf("vowels in '%s':", str);
    pch= strpbrk(str, key);
	while (pch!=NULL)
	{
		printf("%c", *pch);
		pch = strpbrk(pch + 1, key);
	}

四、strstr

	char str[] = "this is a simple string";
	char *pch;
	pch = strstr(str, "simple");
	strncpy(pch, "sample", 6);
    printf("%s ", str);

五、strspn

	int i;
	char strtest[] = "129th";
	char cest[] = "1234567890";
	i = strspn(strtest, cest);
	printf("the initial number has %d digits.\n", i);

六、strcspn

	int i;
	char strtest[] = "th123";
	char cest[] = "1234567890";
	i = strcspn(strtest, cest);
	printf("the initial number has %d digits.\n", i);

七、strtok

	char str[] = "- this, a sample string.";
	char *pch;
	printf("splitting string \" %s\"into tokens :\n", str);
	pch = strtok(str, " ,.-");
	while (pch != NULL)
	{
		printf("%s\n", pch);
		pch = strtok(NULL, " ,.-");
	}

八、strerror

#include<errno.h>
#pragma warning (disable:4996)   
int main()
{
	FILE *pFile;
	pFile = fopen("unexist.ent", "r");
	printf("%d->%s\n", errno, strerror(errno));

九、字符转化

#include<ctype.h>
#pragma warning (disable:4996)   
int main()
{
	int i = 0;
	char str[] = "Test String.\n";  //放于数组可以被修改
	char c;
	while (str[i])
	{
		c = str[i];
		if (isupper(c)) c=tolower(c);
		putchar(c);
		i++;
	}

十、内存操作函数 

1. memcpy(未考虑内存重叠)

struct{
	char name[40];
	int age;
}person,person_copy;
int main()
{
	char myname[] = "Pierre de fermat";
	memcpy(person.name, myname, strlen(myname + 1));
	person.age = 46;
	memcpy(&person_copy, &person, sizeof(person));
	printf("%s %d \n", person_copy.name, person_copy.name);

2.memmove（考虑内存重叠）

3.memcmp(必须附上类型，方可比较)  其实也是通过ascii码比较

4.memchr

5.memset：初始化函数(按字节)

void *memset(void *s, int ch,size_tn);

memset：作用是在一段内存块中填充某个给定的值，它是对较大的结构体或数组进行清零操作的一种最快方法。

函数解释：将s中当前位置后面的n个字节 （typedef unsigned int size_t ）用 ch 替换并返回 s 。

	int a[10];
	memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));

	int a[10];
	memset(a, 1, sizeof(a));

按字节进行初始化

将其转为二进制：