《温故而知新》系列之自定义View基本知识

 年末，工作闲暇之余写了这篇自定义View常用的基本知识，主要是为了巩固一下自己的基础。

提到自定义View，大家耳熟能详：自定义属性、onMeasure()、onDraw()。onMeaure比较简单，这里就不多介绍了。

自定义属性：attrs.xml文件  （参考format详解）

1. reference：参考某一资源ID。

    （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />

            </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

             <ImageView

                     Android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"

                     />

2. color：颜色值。

     （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />

            </declare-styleable>

    （2）属性使用：

            <TextView

                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"

                     />

3. boolean：布尔值。

    （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />

            </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

            <Button

                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"

                    android:focusable = "true"

                    />

4. dimension：尺寸值。

    （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />

            </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

            <Button

                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"

                    />

5. float：浮点值。

    （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">

                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />

            </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"

                   />

6. integer：整型值。

    （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">

                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />

            </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

            <animated-rotate

                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"  
                   android:pivotX = "50%"  
                   android:pivotY = "50%"  
                   android:framesCount = "12"  
                   android:frameDuration = "100"

                   />

7. string：字符串。

    （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"

                    />

8. fraction：百分数。

    （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

            <rotate

                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
　　             android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"

                   android:fromDegrees = "0" 
　　             android:toDegrees = "360"

                   android:pivotX = "200%"

                   android:pivotY = "300%" 
　　             android:duration = "5000"

                   android:repeatMode = "restart"

                   android:repeatCount = "infinite"

                   />

9. enum：枚举值。

    （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>            

            </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

            <LinearLayout

                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>

10. flag：位或运算。

     （1）属性定义：

             <declare-styleable name="名称">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>         

             </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

            <activity

                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged　|　stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>
             </activity>

      注意：

      属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

    （1）属性定义：

            <declare-styleable name = "名称">

                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />

            </declare-styleable>

     （2）属性使用：

             <ImageView

                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"

                     />

onDraw()：

  在onDraw中一定要谨记尽可能的不要new 对象。onDraw中主要元素是Canvas，在Canvas上需要一个Paint,画笔的常用方法有哪些呢？

Paint:

Paint paint=new Paint();

// STROKE：描边 FILL_AND_STROKE：描边并填充 FILL：填充

paint.setStyle(Style style);

//设置抗锯齿，如果不设置，加载位图的时候可能会出现锯齿状的边界，如果设置，边界就会变的稍微有点模糊，锯齿就看不到了。

paint. setAntiAlias(boolean aa)

//设置是否抖动，如果不设置感觉就会有一些僵硬的线条，如果设置图像就会看的更柔和一些

paint.setDither(boolean dither)

//设置画笔颜色

paint.setColor(int color)

//设置画笔的透明度[0-255]，0是完全透明，255是完全不透明

paint.setAlpha(int a)

//画笔样式为空心时，设置空心画笔的宽度

paint.setStrokeWidth(float width)

//设置阴影

paint.setShadowLayer(float radius, float dx, float dy, int shadowColor)

//笔触（笔头）风格 ROUND、SQUARE、BUTT

paint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap cap)

/ /接合处的形态

paint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join join)

  

//设置图形重叠时的显示方式

paint.setXfermode(Xfermode xfermode)

//测量字符串的长度  

paint.MeasureText("Hello World"); 

下面来说说Canvas:

线：绘制一条从0,0到100,100的线

canvas.drawLine(0,0,100,100,paint)

多边形及简单图形：使用path类去实现

Path path=new Path();

path.MoveTo( 0 , 0 ); //给定path的起点   

path.LineTo( 10 , 10 ); //往10，10绘制一条路径   

path.LineTo(1 ,2 ); //继续从10，10往1,2绘制一条路径   

path.close; //将绘制的线形成封闭空间   

canvas.drawPath(path,paint); 

矩形：画一个矩形，左上角的坐标为0,0   右下角的坐标为100，50 

canvas.drawRect(0,0,100,50,paint);  

圆角矩形： //画一个圆角矩形，大小为rect，30，30分别表示左边圆角的半径和右边圆角的半径  

RectF rect = new RectF(0,0,100,50);  

canvas.drawRoundRect(rect,20,20,paint);

圆形：圆心为50，50  半径为100  

canvas.drawCircle(50,50,100,paint); 

弧形：弧所在矩形为rectF  从270°开始，画90° 不经过圆心，0°为三点钟位置 

RectF rect = new RectF(0,0,100,50);  

canvas.drawArc(rect,270,90,false,p);