centos7静默安装oracle 11g

centos7静默安装oracle 11g

环境：centos7 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64

软件包地址（永久有效）：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1TrlnUZlD4-ByMdkQlTqg1w
提取码：aec5

安装前准备工作，虚拟机内存建议2GB以上，磁盘空间目录大于20G，我在这里是添加了一块80G的硬盘，挂载到/oradate作为安装目录（友情提示：我是完全安装使用以后写的文档）

[root@localhost ~]# df -h |grep oradate
/dev/sdb1                 74G   11G   60G  16% /oradate

机器基础信息关闭，selinux，防火墙，不必要服务

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

修改用户的限制文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
# 在文件后增加
oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

修改内核参数

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# 添加一下内容
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 60999
fs.file-max = 185933
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 32 128
net.core.rmem_max = 124928
net.core.rmem_default = 124928
net.core.wmem_max = 124928
net.core.wmem_default = 124928
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
# sysctl -p是配置生效
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 60999
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 32 128
net.core.rmem_max = 124928
net.core.rmem_default = 124928
net.core.wmem_max = 124928
net.core.wmem_default = 124928
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

提前安装相关依赖包

yum -y install \
binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc*.i686 \
glibc \
glibc-devel \
glibc-devel*.i686 \
ksh \
libgcc*.i686 \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++*.i686 \
libstdc++-devel \
libstdc++-devel*.i686 \
libaio \
libaio*.i686 \
libaio-devel \
libaio-devel*.i686 \
make \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC*.i686 \
unixODBC-devel \
unixODBC-devel*.i686 \
libXp

建立用户、组、设置密码，创建相关目录 。

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oper
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@localhost ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
# 安装目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /vardate/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 
# 数据备份目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /vardate/oracle/backup               
# 清单目录，数据库创建及使用过程中的日志目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /vardate/oracle/oraInventory     
# 修改权限
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradate
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /oradate

暂时给oracle root用户权限，防止安装过程总有些命令不能用，企业环境只赋予用到的权限即可，我这里是为了方便，这是不安全的。

[root@localhost ~]# visudo 
# 添加以下一行记录
oracle  ALL=(ALL)       ALL

设置环境变量su - oracle 切换到oracle目录，切换之后的操作在oracle用户操作，

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile
# 文件添加以下内容
export ORACLE_BASE=/oradate/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
[oracle@localhost ~]$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

上传oracle 11g安装包到/oradate目录下后按顺序解压，先1后2

[oracle@localhost oradate]$ cd /oradate/
[oracle@localhost oradate]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[oracle@localhost oradate]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

解压后得到database目录，其中包含response目录，该目录中有三个rsp文件，用来作为静默安装时的应答文件的模板。三个文件作用分别是：
db_install.rsp：安装应答
dbca.rsp：创建数据库应答
netca.rsp：建立监听、本地服务名等网络设置的应答

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd response/
[oracle@localhost response]$ ls
dbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  netca.rsp

复制一份模板，添加备份。

[oracle@localhost oradate]$ cp -R /oradate/app/oracle/database/response /oradate/oracle 

修改配置文件，安装oracle软件 。

# 按照以下配置，具体参数含义可自行百度，如果安装了图形化界面工具也可以使用图形化界面安装，具体自行百度
[oracle@localhost response]$ grep -Ev "^#|^$" /oradate/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp 
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=bigdata06
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oradate/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/oradate/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/oradate/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
[oracle@localhost response]$ 

开始静默安装

[oracle@localhost response]$ cd /oradate/app/oracle/database
[oracle@localhost response]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /oradate/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

当安装界面出现如下信息的时候，先不要动：

The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
.....................
....................
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
 \1. /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
 \2. /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
 Successfully Setup Software.

另外打开一个shell窗口：

[oracle@localhost response]$ /oradate/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[oracle@localhost response]$ /oradate/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

执行完上面的脚本后回到安装界面按下Enter键以继续

配置oracle监听

[oracle@localhost response]$ cd /oradate/app/oracle/database/response
[oracle@localhost response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /oradate/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

成功运行后，在/oradate/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目录下
生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件。

看到监听器已经在1521端口

[oracle@localhost response]$ netstat -tlnp | grep 1521
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp6       0      0 :::1521                 :::*                    LISTEN      46843/tnslsnr  

配置oracle数据库,修改建库配置文件

[oracle@localhost response]$ vim /oradate/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "ora11g.dg01"   //78行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="ora11g"   //149行 对应的实例名字（环境变量export ORACLE_SID=ora11g配置相同，否则出现错误）
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"    //190行
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"   //200行
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码，字符集，重要!!! 建库后一般不能更改，所以建库前要确定清楚
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码

创建dbca数据库

[oracle@localhost response]$ dbca -silent -responseFile \
/oradate/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

启动数据库
进入oracle SQL命令行

[oracle@localhost response]$ sqlplus / as sysdba 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Apr 8 23:59:11 2022

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

数据库监听和数据库启动停止

# 数据库启动
SQL> startup
# 数据库停止
SQL> shutdown immediate
# 监听启动/停止/状态
[oracle@localhost response]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@localhost response]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@localhost response]$ lsnrctl status