LeetCode146题：LRU缓存（python3）

代码思路：
Python 默认是用 dict 存储属性的，每次用 . 访问属性都需要查字典。如果声明 slots 就不会创建字典，而是改用指针偏移量直接拿到属性对象。所以即节省了内存（没有字典）又节省了时间（省去查字典的过程）。

class Node:
    __slots__ = 'prev','next','key','value'

    def __init__(self,key=0,value=0):
        self.key = key
        self.value = value
    


class LRUCache:

    def __init__(self, capacity: int):
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.dummy = Node()
        self.dummy.prev = self.dummy
        self.dummy.next = self.dummy
        self.key_to_node = dict()
    
    def get_node(self,key:int) -> Optional[Node]:
        if key not in self.key_to_node: #没有的话
            return None
        node = self.key_to_node[key] #有
        self.remove(node)
        self.push_front(node) #放到最前面
        return node


    def get(self, key: int) -> int:
        node = self.get_node(key)
        return node.value if node else -1


    def put(self, key: int, value: int) -> None:
        node = self.get_node(key)
        if node:
            node.value = value #更新value
            return
        self.key_to_node[key] = node = Node(key,value)
        self.push_front(node)
        if len(self.key_to_node) > self.capacity:
            back_node = self.dummy.prev
            del self.key_to_node[back_node.key]
            self.remove(back_node)
    
    def remove(self, x:Node) -> None:
        x.prev.next = x.next
        x.next.prev = x.prev

    def push_front(self, x:Node) -> None:
        x.prev = self.dummy
        x.next = self.dummy.next
        x.prev.next = x
        x.next.prev = x