20180824 apache tomcat 之温故知新

参考原文地址：http://www.blogjava.net/baoyaer/articles/107278.html

Tomcat Server的结构图

 

 

该文件描述了如何启动Tomcat Server
 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->


    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
         SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
         library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the
         AprLifecycleListener.
         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
         the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
        <SSLHostConfig>
            <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
                         type="RSA" />
        </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"
keystoreFile="C:/ddddd.pfx"
keystoreType="PKCS12"
keystorePass="xxxxxx"
/>
    -->
    <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
         This connector uses the APR/native implementation which always uses
         OpenSSL for TLS.
         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used. OpenSSL style
         configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" >
        <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
        <SSLHostConfig>
            <Certificate certificateKeyFile="conf/localhost-rsa-key.pem"
                         certificateFile="conf/localhost-rsa-cert.pem"
                         certificateChainFile="conf/localhost-rsa-chain.pem"
                         type="RSA" />
        </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>
        <!-- 避免二次启动，设置appBase为空 -->
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase=""
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
       <!-- 避免以端口号访问，需要二次重启tomcat ,不权威个人经验,war文件名尽量采用驼峰命名-->
			   
			  <Context docBase="webapps/test" path="/" debug="0" reloadable="false"/>

      </Host>



      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

元素名	属性	解释
server（唯一）	port	指定一个端口，这个端口负责监听关闭tomcat的请求
	shutdown	指定向端口发送的命令字符串
service（若干个服务）	name	指定service的名字
Connector(表示客户端和service之间的连接，若干类连接，不同协议)	port	指定服务器端要创建的端口号，并在这个断口监听来自客户端的请求
	minProcessors	服务器启动时创建的处理请求的线程数
	maxProcessors	最大可以创建的处理请求的线程数
	enableLookups	如果为true，则可以通过调用request.getRemoteHost()进行DNS查询来得到远程客户端的实际主机名，若为false则不进行DNS查询，而是返回其ip地址
	redirectPort	指定服务器正在处理http请求时收到了一个SSL传输请求后重定向的端口号
	acceptCount	指定当所有可以使用的处理请求的线程数都被使用时，可以放到处理队列中的请求数，超过这个数的请求将不予处理
	connectionTimeout	指定超时的时间数(以毫秒为单位)
Engine(表示指定service中的请求处理引擎，接收和处理来自Connector的请求)	defaultHost	指定缺省的处理请求的主机名，它至少与其中的一个host元素的name属性值是一样的
Context(表示一个web应用程序，通常为WAR文件，关于WAR的具体信息见servlet规范)	docBase	应用程序的路径或者是WAR文件存放的路径
	path	表示此web应用程序的url的前缀，这样请求的url为http://localhost:8080/path/****
	reloadable	这个属性非常重要，如果为true，则tomcat会自动检测应用程序的/WEB-INF/lib 和/WEB-INF/classes目录的变化，自动装载新的应用程序，我们可以在不重起tomcat的情况下改变应用程序
host(表示一个虚拟主机)	name	指定主机名
	appBase	应用程序基本目录，即存放应用程序的目录
	unpackWARs	如果为true，则tomcat会自动将WAR文件解压，否则不解压，直接从WAR文件中运行应用程序
Logger(表示日志，调试和错误信息)	className	指定logger使用的类名，此类必须实现org.apache.catalina.Logger 接口
	prefix	指定log文件的前缀
	suffix	指定log文件的后缀
	timestamp	如果为true，则log文件名中要加入时间，如下例:localhost_log.001-10-04.txt
Realm(表示存放用户名，密码及role的数据库)	className	指定Realm使用的类名，此类必须实现org.apache.catalina.Realm接口
Valve(功能与Logger差不多，其prefix和suffix属性解释和Logger 中的一样)	className	指定Valve使用的类名，如用org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve类可以记录应用程序的访问信息
	directory	指定log文件存放的位置
	pattern	有两个值，common方式记录远程主机名或ip地址，用户名，日期，第一行请求的字符串，HTTP响应代码，发送的字节数。combined方式比common方式记录的值更多

Tomcat Server处理一个http请求的过程

假设来自客户的请求为：

http://localhost:8080/wsota/wsota_index.jsp

1) 请求被发送到本机端口8080，被在那里侦听的Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector获得

2) Connector把该请求交给它所在的Service的Engine来处理，并等待来自Engine的回应

3)  Engine获得请求localhost/wsota/wsota_index.jsp，匹配它所拥有的所有虚拟主机Host

4)  Engine匹配到名为localhost的Host（即使匹配不到也把请求交给该Host处理，因为该Host被定义为该Engine的默认主机）

5)  localhost Host获得请求/wsota/wsota_index.jsp，匹配它所拥有的所有Context

6)  Host匹配到路径为/wsota的Context（如果匹配不到就把该请求交给路径名为”"的Context去处理）

7)  path=”/wsota”的Context获得请求/wsota_index.jsp，在它的mapping table中寻找对应的servlet 

8)  Context匹配到URL PATTERN为*.jsp的servlet，对应于JspServlet类

9)  构造HttpServletRequest对象和HttpServletResponse对象，作为参数调用JspServlet的doGet或doPost方法

10) Context把执行完了之后的HttpServletResponse对象返回给Host

11) Host把HttpServletResponse对象返回给Engine

12) Engine把HttpServletResponse对象返回给Connector

13) Connector把HttpServletResponse对象返回给客户browser

 

综上所述，该配置文件将桥接客户端和服务端需要的参数传递给tomcat这个框架。tomcat通过该配置文件，将在指定端口监听到请求分配给指定的服务程序处理，然后将处理结果返回给客户端。其间有分配的概念，就有一对多的概念。

just do it  and retry util success