2019.10.09 工作进度报告

一、完成的事项

1.完成了 week 2 的 Python Basics with Numpy

二、笔记

1.4 ??.??????.????()函数

作用

np.linalg.norm(x, axis=1, keepdims = True)
计算每一行的长度，得到一个列向量

1.5 Softmax 函数

2.1

A np.dot(x,x) 函数

三、代码

1.4 Normalizing rows

# GRADED FUNCTION: normalizeRows

import numpy as np

def normalizeRows(x):
    """
    Implement a function that normalizes each row of the matrix x (to have unit length).
    
    Argument:
    x -- A numpy matrix of shape (n, m)
    
    Returns:
    x -- The normalized (by row) numpy matrix. You are allowed to modify x.
    """
    
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 2 lines of code)
    # Compute x_norm as the norm 2 of x. Use np.linalg.norm(..., ord = 2, axis = ..., keepdims = True)
    x_norm = np.linalg.norm(x, axis=1, keepdims = True)
    
    # Divide x by its norm.
    x = x / x_norm
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return x

x = np.array([
    [0, 3, 4],
    [1, 6, 4]])
print("normalizeRows(x) = " + str(normalizeRows(x)))

normalizeRows(x) = [[0.         0.6        0.8       ]
 [0.13736056 0.82416338 0.54944226]]

1.5 Broadcasting and the softmax function

# GRADED FUNCTION: softmax

import numpy as np

def softmax(x):
    """Calculates the softmax for each row of the input x.

    Your code should work for a row vector and also for matrices of shape (m,n).

    Argument:
    x -- A numpy matrix of shape (m,n)

    Returns:
    s -- A numpy matrix equal to the softmax of x, of shape (m,n)
    """
    
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 3 lines of code)
    # Apply exp() element-wise to x. Use np.exp(...).
    x_exp = np.exp(x)

    # Create a vector x_sum that sums each row of x_exp. Use np.sum(..., axis = 1, keepdims = True).
    x_sum = np.sum(x_exp, axis = 1, keepdims = True)
    
    # Compute softmax(x) by dividing x_exp by x_sum. It should automatically use numpy broadcasting.
    s = x_exp / x_sum

    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    return s

x = np.array([
    [9, 2, 5, 0, 0],
    [7, 5, 0, 0 ,0]])
print("softmax(x) = " + str(softmax(x)))

softmax(x) = [[9.80897665e-01 8.94462891e-04 1.79657674e-02 1.21052389e-04
  1.21052389e-04]
 [8.78679856e-01 1.18916387e-01 8.01252314e-04 8.01252314e-04
  8.01252314e-04]]

2.1 Implement the L1 and L2 loss functions

L1

# GRADED FUNCTION: L1

import numpy as np
import math

def L1(yhat, y):
    """
    Arguments:
    yhat -- vector of size m (predicted labels)
    y -- vector of size m (true labels)
    
    Returns:
    loss -- the value of the L1 loss function defined above
    """
    
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 1 line of code)
    loss = np.sum(np.abs(y - yhat))
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    return loss

yhat = np.array([.9, 0.2, 0.1, .4, .9])
y = np.array([1, 0, 0, 1, 1])
print("L1 = " + str(L1(yhat,y)))

L1 = 1.1

L2

# GRADED FUNCTION: L1

import numpy as np
import math

def L1(yhat, y):
    """
    Arguments:
    yhat -- vector of size m (predicted labels)
    y -- vector of size m (true labels)
    
    Returns:
    loss -- the value of the L1 loss function defined above
    """
    
    ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 1 line of code)
    loss = np.sum(np.power((y - yhat), 2))
    ### END CODE HERE ###
    
    return loss

yhat = np.array([.9, 0.2, 0.1, .4, .9])
y = np.array([1, 0, 0, 1, 1])
print("L1 = " + str(L1(yhat,y)))

L1 = 0.43