python模块专题——10.lxml

lxml库用于在html字符串中使用xpath语言提取标签属性和内容等。

1 安装

pip install lxml

2 使用

from lxml import etree

ele=etree.HTML("html字符串")
result=ele.xpath("xpath语法串")

对于list形式的元素，有两种提取方式

• 每次提取某个属性的所有值
• 先得到list，再每次获取单个对象的所有属性值。此时需要用./表名路径

3 示例

爬取豆瓣电影排行榜

import requests
import json
from lxml import etree

# 一次性获取所有电影的信息
def xpath_html1():
    url='https://movie.douban.com/chart'
    header={
        "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36"
    }
    html=requests.get(url,headers=header)
    print(html.text)
    # 使用etree获取element
    ele=etree.HTML(html.text)
    # 获取电影名
    movie_name=[i.replace(' ','') for i in ele.xpath("//div[@class='indent']/div/table//div[@class='pl2']/a/text()")]
    print(movie_name)
    # 获取评分
    movie_rating=ele.xpath("//div[@class='indent']/div/table//div[@class='pl2']/div/span[@class='rating_nums']/text()")
    print(movie_rating)
    # 获取上映时间
    movie_date = ele.xpath("//div[@class='indent']/div/table//div[@class='pl2']/p/text()")
    print(movie_date)
    # 获取电影封面
    movie_poster=ele.xpath("//div[@class='indent']/div/table//a[@class='nbg']/img/@src")
    print(movie_poster)

# 先得到电影list,再每次解析其中的每个电影详情
def xpath_html2():
    url = 'https://movie.douban.com/chart'
    header = {
        "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36"
    }
    html = requests.get(url, headers=header)
    print(html.text)
    # 使用etree获取element
    ele = etree.HTML(html.text)
    # 获取电影list
    list=ele.xpath("//div[@class='indent']/div/table")
    movie_list=[]
    for movie in list:
        item={}
        name = movie.xpath(".//div[@class='pl2']/a/text()")
        item['name'] = name[0].replace("/","").replace("\n","").strip()
        rating=movie.xpath(".//div[@class='pl2']/div/span[@class='rating_nums']/text()")
        item['rating'] = rating[0]
        poster=movie.xpath(".//a[@class='nbg']/img/@src")
        item['poster']=poster[0]
        movie_list.append(item)
    print(json.dumps(movie_list,ensure_ascii=False))#转为json字符串，可以直接输出到json文件中

if __name__=='__main__':
    # xpath_html1()
    xpath_html2()

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