Netty入门之代码实例(四)
1. 前言
由上一篇博客我们了解了Netty个组件的作用,那么本篇通过使用Netty来完成群聊系统,心跳检测,WebSocket 编程实现服务器和客户端长连接这三个小案例,进一步理解Netty非阻塞网络编程机制。
2. Netty应用实例 – 群聊系统
2.1 实例要求
- 编写一个 Netty 群聊系统,实现服务器端和客户端之间的数据简单通讯(非阻塞)
- 实现多人群聊
- 服务器端:可以监测用户上线,离线,并实现消息转发功能
- 客户端:通过 channel 可以无阻塞发送消息给其它所有用户,同时可以接受其它用户发送的消息(有服务器转发得到)
2.2 代码
服务端:
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
public class GroupChatServer {
// 监听端口
private int port;
public GroupChatServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
// 编写run方法, 处理客户端请求
public void run() {
//创建两个线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //8 个 NioEventLoop
try {
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
//获取到 pipeline
ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
//向 pipeline 加入解码器
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
//向 pipeline 加入编码器
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
//加入自己的业务处理 handler
pipeline.addLast(new GroupChatServerHandler());
}
});
System.out.println("netty 服务器启动");
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
//监听关闭
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new GroupChatServer(7000).run();
}
}
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
public class GroupChatServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
private static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
// 读取数据
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, String msg) throws Exception {
//获取到当前 channel
Channel channel = channelHandlerContext.channel();
//这时我们遍历 channelGroup, 根据不同的情况,回送不同的消息
channelGroup.forEach(ch -> {
if(channel != ch) { //不是当前的 channel,转发消息
ch.writeAndFlush("[客户]" + channel.remoteAddress() + " 发送了消息" + msg + "\n");
}else {//回显自己发送的消息给自己
ch.writeAndFlush("[自己]发送了消息" + msg + "\n");
}
});
}
//handlerAdded 表示连接建立,一旦连接,第一个被执行
//将当前 channel 加入到 channelGroup
@Override
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
Channel channel = ctx.channel();
//将该客户加入聊天的信息推送给其它在线的客户端
/*
该方法会将 channelGroup 中所有的 channel 遍历,并发送 消息,
我们不需要自己遍历
*/
channelGroup.writeAndFlush("[ 客 户 端 ]" + channel.remoteAddress() + " 加 入 聊 天 " + sdf.format(new
java.util.Date()) + " \n");
channelGroup.add(channel);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
//关闭通道
ctx.close();
}
//断开连接, 将 xx 客户离开信息推送给当前在线的客户
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
Channel channel = ctx.channel();
channelGroup.writeAndFlush("[客户端]" + channel.remoteAddress() + " 离开了\n");
System.out.println("channelGroup size" + channelGroup.size());
}
//表示 channel 处于活动状态, 提示 xx 上线
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " 上线了~");
}
//表示 channel 处于不活动状态, 提示 xx 离线了
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " 离线了~");
}
}
客户端:
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class GroupChatClient {
//属性
private final String host;
private final int port;
public GroupChatClient(String host, int port) {
this.host = host;
this.port = port;
}
public void run() {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
//得到 pipeline
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
//加入相关 handler
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
//加入自定义的 handler
pipeline.addLast(new GroupChatClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync();
//得到 channel
Channel channel = channelFuture.channel();
System.out.println("-------" + channel.localAddress()+ "--------");
//客户端需要输入信息,创建一个扫描器
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
String msg = scanner.nextLine();
//通过 channel 发送到服务器端
channel.writeAndFlush(msg + "\r\n");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new GroupChatClient("127.0.0.1", 7000).run();
}
}
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
public class GroupChatClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, String msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println(msg.trim());
}
}
2.3 运行效果
当有客户端启动时客户端,服务端会显示:
/127.0.0.1:52052 上线了~
/127.0.0.1:52074 上线了~
若52052
客户端发送消息:
-------/127.0.0.1:52052--------
[ 客 户 端 ]/127.0.0.1:52074 加 入 聊 天 2020-05-17 12:11:23
hello
[自己]发送了消息hello
-------/127.0.0.1:52074--------
[客户]/127.0.0.1:52052 发送了消息hello
若52052
客户端关闭连接:
/127.0.0.1:52052 上线了~
/127.0.0.1:52074 上线了~
/127.0.0.1:52052 离线了~
-------/127.0.0.1:52074--------
[客户]/127.0.0.1:52052 发送了消息hello
[客户端]/127.0.0.1:52052 离开了
3. Netty应用实例 – 心跳检测机制
3.1 实例要求
- 编写一个 Netty 心跳检测机制案例, 当服务器超过 3 秒没有读时,就提示读空闲
- 当服务器超过 5 秒没有写操作时,就提示写空闲
- 实现当服务器超过 7 秒没有读或者写操作时,就提示读写空闲
3.2 代码
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建两个线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //8 个 NioEventLoop
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
serverBootstrap.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
//加入一个 netty 提供 IdleStateHandler
/*
说明
1. IdleStateHandler 是 netty 提供的处理空闲状态的处理器
2. long readerIdleTime : 表示多长时间没有读, 就会发送一个心跳检测包检测是否连接
3. long writerIdleTime : 表示多长时间没有写, 就会发送一个心跳检测包检测是否连接
4. long allIdleTime : 表示多长时间没有读写, 就会发送一个心跳检测包检测是否连接
5. 文档说明
triggers an {@link IdleStateEvent} when a {@link Channel} has not performed
* read, write, or both operation for a while. * 6. 当 IdleStateEvent 触发后 , 就会传递给管道 的下一个 handler 去处理
* 通过调用(触发)下一个 handler 的 userEventTiggered , 在该方法中去处理 IdleStateEvent(读
空闲,写空闲,读写空闲)
*/
pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(13, 5, 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
//加入一个对空闲检测进一步处理的 handler(自定义)
pipeline.addLast(new MyServerHandler());
}
});
//启动服务器
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;
public class MyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
/**
* @param ctx 上下文
* @param evt 事件
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
//将 evt 向下转型 IdleStateEvent
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt;
String eventType = null;
switch (event.state()) {
case READER_IDLE:
eventType = "读空闲";
break;
case WRITER_IDLE:
eventType = "写空闲";
break;
case ALL_IDLE:
eventType = "读写空闲";
break;
}
System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + "--超时时间--" + eventType);
System.out.println("服务器做相应处理..");
//如果发生空闲,我们关闭通道
// ctx.channel().close();
}
}
}
4. Netty应用实例 – WebSocket 编程实现服务器和客户端长连接
4.1 实例要求
- Http 协议是无状态的, 浏览器和服务器间的请求响应一次,下一次会重新创建连接.
- 实现基于 webSocket 的长连接的全双工的交互
- 改变 Http 协议多次请求的约束,实现长连接了, 服务器可以发送消息给浏览器
- 客户端浏览器和服务器端会相互感知,比如服务器关闭了,浏览器会感知,同样浏览器关闭了,服务器会感知
4.2 代码
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建两个线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //8 个 NioEventLoop
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
serverBootstrap.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
//因为基于 http 协议,使用 http 的编码和解码器
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
//是以块方式写,添加 ChunkedWriteHandler 处理器
pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
/*
说明
1. http 数据在传输过程中是分段, HttpObjectAggregator ,就是可以将多个段聚合
2. 这就就是为什么,当浏览器发送大量数据时,就会发出多次 http 请求
*/
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
/*
说明
1. 对应 websocket ,它的数据是以 帧(frame) 形式传递
2. 可以看到 WebSocketFrame 下面有六个子类
3. 浏览器请求时 ws://localhost:7000/hello 表示请求的 uri
4. WebSocketServerProtocolHandler 核心功能是将 http 协议升级为 ws 协议 , 保持长连接
5. 是通过一个 状态码 101
*/
pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/hello"));
//自定义的 handler ,处理业务逻辑
pipeline.addLast(new MyTextWebSocketFrameHandler());
}
});
//启动服务器
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
//这里 TextWebSocketFrame 类型,表示一个文本帧(frame)
public class MyTextWebSocketFrameHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("服务器收到消息 " + msg.text());
//回复消息
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(" 服 务 器 时 间 " + LocalDateTime.now() + " " +
msg.text()));
}
//当 web 客户端连接后, 触发方法
@Override
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
//id 表示唯一的值,LongText 是唯一的 ShortText 不是唯一
System.out.println("handlerAdded 被调用" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
System.out.println("handlerAdded 被调用" + ctx.channel().id().asShortText());
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("handlerRemoved 被调用" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("异常发生 " + cause.getMessage());
ctx.close(); //关闭连接
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
var socket;
//判断当前浏览器是否支持 websocket
if (window.WebSocket) {
//go on
socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:7000/hello2");
//相当于 channelReado, ev 收到服务器端回送的消息
socket.onmessage = function (ev) {
var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + ev.data;
}
//相当于连接开启(感知到连接开启)
socket.onopen = function (ev) {
var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
rt.value = "连接开启了.."
}
//相当于连接关闭(感知到连接关闭)
socket.onclose = function (ev) {
var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + "连接关闭了.."
}
} else {
alert("当前浏览器不支持 websocket")
}
//发送消息到服务器
function send(message) {
if (!window.socket) { //先判断 socket 是否创建好
return;
}
if (socket.readyState == WebSocket.OPEN) {
//通过 socket 发送消息
socket.send(message)
} else {
alert("连接没有开启");
}
}
</script>
<form onsubmit="return false">
<textarea name="message" style="height: 300px; width: 300px"></textarea>
<input type="button" value="发生消息" onclick="send(this.form.message.value)">
<textarea id="responseText" style="height: 300px; width: 300px"></textarea>
<input type="button" value="清空内容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''">
</form>
</body>
</html>