Android菜鸟基础笔记
按钮路径设置
setContentView(R.layout.two);
findViewById(R.id.button2).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, Main2Activity.class));
}
});
findViewById(R.id.button3).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
startActivity(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://www.baidu.com/")));
}
});
创建文本
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello World!"
android:id="@+id/tv"/>
数据传递
(1)传递简单数据
Main:
findViewById(R.id.btnStartAty).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent i=new Intent(MainActivity.this,TheAty.class);
i.putExtra("data","123456");
startActivity(i);
}
});
Activity:
public class TheAty extends AppCompatActivity {
private TextView tv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_the_aty);
Intent i=getIntent();
tv=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv);
tv.setText(i.getStringExtra("data"));
}
}
(2)传递数据包Bundle
Main:
findViewById(R.id.btnStartAty).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent i=new Intent(MainActivity.this,TheAty.class);
Bundle b=new Bundle();
b.putString("name","ccy");
b.putInt("age",20);
i.putExtras(b);
startActivity(i);
}
});
Activity:
public class TheAty extends AppCompatActivity {
private TextView tv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_the_aty);
Intent i=getIntent();
Bundle data=i.getExtras();
tv=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv);
tv.setText(String.format("name=%s,age=%d,buchunzai=%s",data.getString("name"),data.getInt("age"),data.getString("name1","X")));
}
}
显示提示框(会自动消失)
(1)下方
Toast.makeText(this, "Toast text, normal", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Toast t2=Toast.makeText(this, "Toast text with specific position", Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
t2.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL|Gravity.BOTTOM, 0, 10); //设置文本的位置,使文本显示靠下一些
t2.show();
(2)上方
Toast t3=Toast.makeText(this, "Toast text with specific margin and position", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
t3.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL|Gravity.BOTTOM, 0, 0);
t3.setMargin(0f, 0.5f);
t3.show();
使用Service
(1)新建Service
(2) main.xml(垂直排列android:orientation=”vertical”)
<Button
android:text="启动服务"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/btnStartService"
tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="0dp"
tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="76dp" />
<Button
android:text="停止服务"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/btnStopService"
tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="0dp"
tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="0dp" />
(3)main.java
private Intent intent;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class);
findViewById(R.id.btnStartService).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//(可与下面那句取代) startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class));
startService(intent);
}
});
findViewById(R.id.btnStopService).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//(可与下面那句取代) stopService(new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class));
stopService(intent);
}
});
}
广播接收器 BroadcastReceiver
新建:new->Other->BroadcastReceiver
(1)运用BroadcastReceiver传递数据并显示
BroadcastReceiver.java:
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
public MyReceiver() {
}
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
System.out.println("接受到了消息,消息的内容是:"+intent.getStringExtra("data"));
}
}
MainAtivity.java:
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
findViewById(R.id.btnSendMsg).setOnClickListener(this);/*事件监听器*/
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.btnSendMsg:
Intent i=new Intent(this,MyReceiver.class);
i.putExtra("data","jkxy");/*传递数据*/
sendBroadcast(i);
break;
}
}
activity_main.xml:
<Button
android:text="发送消息"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/btnSendMsg" />
BroadcastReceiver的注册注销
(1)AndroidManifest.xml:删除receiver模块
(2)MyReceiver.java:
package com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
public static final String ACTION="com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver.intent.action.Myreceiver";/*重点*/
public MyReceiver() {
}
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
System.out.println("接受到了消息,消息的内容是:"+intent.getStringExtra("data"));
}
}
(3)MainAtivity.java:
/*事件监听器*/
findViewById(R.id.btnSendMsg).setOnClickListener(this);
findViewById(R.id.btnReg).setOnClickListener(this);
findViewById(R.id.btnUnreg).setOnClickListener(this);
/*注册注销*/
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.btnSendMsg:
Intent i=new Intent(MyReceiver.ACTION);
i.putExtra("data","jkxy");
sendBroadcast(i);
break;
case R.id.btnReg:
if(receiver==null){
receiver=new MyReceiver();
registerReceiver(receiver,new IntentFilter(MyReceiver.ACTION));
}
break;
case R.id.btnUnreg:
if(receiver!=null){
unregisterReceiver(receiver);
receiver=null;
}
break;
}
}
//防止重复注册多个receiver
private MyReceiver receiver=null;
广播接收器 BroadcastReceiver优先级问题
(1)新建一个MyReceive1
(2)内容可修改,其他跟上面一样
(3)AndroidManifest.xml:
1.默认情况,从上到下执行
<receiver
android:name=".MyReceiver1"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver.intent.action.Myreceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver
android:name=".MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver.intent.action.Myreceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
2.按android:priority大小执行,大的先执行
<receiver
android:name=".MyReceiver1"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter android:priority="10">
<action android:name="com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver.intent.action.Myreceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver
android:name=".MyReceiver">
<intent-filter android:priority="11">
<action android:name="com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver.intent.action.Myreceiver"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
请求权限实例
(1)activity_main.xml中创建WebView(等于号后面的值可随意设置)
<WebView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="20pt"
android:id="@+id/wv"
android:layout_weight="0.96">
</WebView>
(2)MainActivity.java:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private WebView wv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
wv= (WebView) findViewById(R.id.wv);
wv.loadUrl("http://www.qq.com");
}
}
(3)重点,设置权限,访问网络
例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> /*插入位置*/
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
为代码添加权限检查
(1)新建class,eg:Hello.class:
public class Hello {
public static final String PERMISSION_SAY_HELLO="com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver";
public static void sayHello(Context context) /*注意传入参数类型*/
{
int checkResult =context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(PERMISSION_SAY_HELLO);/*判断是否有权限*/
if(checkResult!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)/*如果没有权限,弹出错误警告*/
{
throw new SecurityException("执行sayhello方法需要com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver权限");
}
System.out.println("Hello ccy");/*有权限可以执行的语句*/
}}
(2)AndroidManifest.xml:
<permission android:name="com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver"/>/*声明需要此权限*/
<uses-permission android:name="com.example.a83541.learnbroadcastreceiver"/>/*使用此权限,如没有此语句则无法运行*/
(3)MainActiity.java:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Hello.sayHello(this);/*运行Hello.java中的sayHello方法*/
}
}
为基本组件添加权限检查(以Activity为例),同一个应用跳转不需要权限
(1)新建Activity,eg:MyAty,在MyAty.xml中添加内容
(2)新建app,File->New->New Module,eg:anotherapp
(3)app/AndroidManifest.xml:
<permission android:name="com.example.a83541.myapplication.permission.MyAty"/>/*声明所需权限*/
(4)app/AndroidManifest.xml:
findViewById(R.id.btnStartMyAty).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
startActivity(new Intent("com.example.a83541.myapplication.intent.action.MyAty"));/*利用action打开MyAty*/
}
});
(6)app/MainActivity可不管:在MainAtivity中创建一个按钮,id为btnStartMyAty,可用于证明同一个应用不需要访问权限。
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
findViewById(R.id.btnStartMyAty).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyAty.class));
}
});
}
(7)antherapp/Manifest.xml中声明权限
<uses-permission android:name="com.example.a83541.myapplication.permission.MyAty"/>
(8)启动app和antherapp
Fragment
显示Fragment时(跟用户交互)要调用的核心的生命周期方法如下:
1. 把Fragment对象跟Activity关联时,调用onAttach(Activity)方法;
2. Fragment对象的初始创建时,调用onCreate(Bundle)方法;
3. onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle)方法用于创建和返回跟Fragment关联的View对象;
4. onActivityCreate(Bundle)方法会告诉Fragment对象,它所依附的Activity对象已经完成了Activity.onCreate()方法的执行;
5. onStart()方法会让Fragment对象显示给用户(在包含该Fragment对象的Activity被启动后);
6. onResume()会让Fragment对象跟用户交互(在包含该Fragment对象的Activity被启恢复后)。
Fragment对象不再使用时,要反向回调的方法:
1. 因为Fragment对象所依附的Activity对象被挂起,或者在Activity中正在执行一个修改Fragment对象的操作,而导致Fragment对象不再跟用户交互时,系统会调用Fragment对象的onPause()方法;
2. 因为Fragment对象所依附的Activity对象被终止,或者再Activity中正在执行一个修改Fragment对象的操作,而导致Fragment对象不再显示给用户时,系统会调用Fragment对象的onStop()方法。
3. onDestroyView()方法用于清除跟Fragment中的View对象关联的资源;
4. Fragment对象的状态被最终清理完成之后,要调用onDestroy()方法;
5. 在Fragment对象不再跟它依附的Activity关联的时候,onDetach()方法会立即被调用
Spinner
activity_main.xml:
<Spinner
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/spinner" />
MainActivity.java:
private Spinner s;
private String[] dataSource=new String[]{"1","2","3"};/*菜单选项*/
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
s= (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner);
s.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,dataSource));
s.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {
@Override
public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
System.out.println("X"+dataSource[position]);
}
@Override
public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {
}
});
}
android TextView控件如何显示数组内容
通过数组循环显示到TextView上。
1、获取数组
2、获取TextView组件
3、循环拼接数组成字符串,显示到TextView中
示例:
TextView tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.xxxx);//获取一个TextView
String ct = "";//定义一个字符串
for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
ct = ct + arr[i];//数组拼接成字符串
}
tv.setText(ct);//在TextView中显示数组内容。
Error:Gradle version 2.2 is required
1、修改项目中gradle/warpper/gradle-warpper.properties文件中的distributionUrl路劲。如下:
distributionUrl=https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-2.2-all.zip
改:
//你本机AS中gradle的版本
distributionUrl=https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-2.10-all.zip
2、修改build.gradle文件中的classpath
uildscript {
…
dependencies {
classpath ‘com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3’
}
改:
//你本机的AS的gradle的版本
uildscript {
…
dependencies {
classpath ‘com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.1.0’
}
颜色和不透明度 (alpha) 值以十六进制表示法表示。任何一种颜色的值范围都是 0 到 255(00 到 ff)。对于 alpha,00 表示完全透明,ff 表示完全不透明。表达式顺序是“aabbggrr”,其中“aa=alpha”(00 到 ff);“bb=blue”(00 到 ff);“gg=green”(00 到 ff);“rr=red”(00 到 ff)。例如,如果您希望对某叠加层应用不透明度为 50% 的蓝色,则应指定以下值:7fff0000
设置背景图片透明度(超简单)
Java代码
View v = findViewById(R.id.content);//找到你要设透明背景的layout 的id
v.getBackground().setAlpha(100);//0~255透明度值
button透明:android:background="#00000000"
java截取字符串,截串,substring和split,分割字母和数字,正则缝隙
关键字: java截取字符串 截串 substring
需求,把”01:大汽车”,分成01和大汽车
有两种做法:一是substring
Java代码
package test;
public class substringTest
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String N = "01:大汽车";
String L="";
String R="";
int k= N.length();
for (int i = 0; i < N.length(); i++)
{
if (N.substring(i, i + 1).equals("|"))
{
L=N.substring(0,i).trim();
R=N.substring(i+1,k).trim();
}
else
{
}
System.out.println(L);
System.out.println(R);
}
}
}
或
public class splitTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s = new String("01:大汽车");
String a[] = s.split(":");
System.out.println(a[0]);
System.out.println(a[1]);
}
}