一个项目出现异常是很正常的,而对于异常处理就在于一个程序员的思想了。try或者throw,但是我们一般最好是抛出异常,这样才可以依据异常来处理错误。但是页面显示的异常也就懂程序的人看得懂,如何让操作人员也懂或者知道该怎么办,这就需要异常处理机制了,自定义自己的异常类。
异常分类:
业务异常(异常信息在当前页面展示)、系统异常(在特定的错误页面展示)
异常抛出的过程:
业务层-->控制层---->视图层(即用户界面展示)
代码部分
- 搭建springMvc
- 模拟业务层的添加删除出现业务异常,出现系统异常
- 控制层调用业务方法并返回视图
- 自定义异常类
- 自定义异常处理类并返回视图信息
搭建springMvc
index.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: zy
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<base href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/"/>
<title>springMvc异常测试</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="color: red;font-size: 16px">${param.message}</div>
<a href="user/registry?url=index">添加</a><br>
<a href="user/delete?url=index">删除</a><br>
<a href="user/error">系统错误</a><br>
</body>
</html>
搭建mvc首先需要依赖,第二就是配置前端控制器在web.xml中,第三就是spring的配置文件,名称随意xx.xml
这里就提供以上三个部分,不详细说了。
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<!--配置过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--更改加载默认配置文件路径-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--让前端控制器和web容器一起实例化-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--开启扫描方式纳入需要管理的主键-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.marvin.spring"/>
<!--配置mvc最新的适配器,映射处理,转换器-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!--注册异常处理器(固定名称HandlerExceptionResolver)-->
<bean name="HandlerExceptionResolver" class="com.marvin.spring.handler.CustomerHanderResolver"></bean>
</beans>
模拟业务层的添加删除出现业务异常,出现系统异常
1.先创建一个简单的实体类
package com.marvin.spring.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class UserInfo implements Serializable {
private String userName;
private String passWord;
public UserInfo() {
}
public UserInfo(String userName, String passWord) {
this.userName = userName;
this.passWord = passWord;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassWord() {
return passWord;
}
public void setPassWord(String passWord) {
this.passWord = passWord;
}
}
2.创建业务层操作实体类的方法(接口自己提取)
package com.marvin.spring.service;
import com.marvin.spring.exception.CustomerException;
import com.marvin.spring.pojo.UserInfo;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* 业务处理类
*/
@Service
public class UserInfoServiceImpl implements UserInfoService {
/**
* 添加方法
*/
@Override
public void addUser(UserInfo userInfo){
try {
throw new Exception();
}catch (Exception e){
throw new CustomerException("添加失败");
}
}
/**
* 删除方法
*/
@Override
public void deleteUser(UserInfo userInfo){
try {
throw new Exception();
}catch (Exception e){
throw new CustomerException("添加失败");
}
}
/**
* 系统异常
*/
@Override
public void errorSystem(UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
throw new Exception();
}
}
控制层调用业务方法并返回视图
package com.marvin.spring.controller;
import com.marvin.spring.pojo.UserInfo;
import com.marvin.spring.service.UserInfoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserInfoController {
@Autowired
private UserInfoService userInfoService;
@RequestMapping("index")
public String index(){
return "index";
}
@GetMapping("registry")
public ModelAndView registry(UserInfo userInfo){
//创建ModelAndView的对象
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
mv.setViewName("index");
userInfoService.addUser(userInfo);
return mv;
}
@GetMapping("delete")
public ModelAndView delete(UserInfo userInfo){
//创建ModelAndView的对象
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
mv.setViewName("index");
userInfoService.deleteUser(userInfo);
return mv;
}
@GetMapping("error")
public ModelAndView error(UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
//创建ModelAndView的对象
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
mv.setViewName("index");
userInfoService.errorSystem(userInfo);
return mv;
}
}
自定义异常类
package com.marvin.spring.exception;
public class CustomerException extends RuntimeException {
public CustomerException() {
super();
}
public CustomerException(String message) {
super(message);
}
public CustomerException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}
自定义异常处理类并返回视图信息
package com.marvin.spring.handler;
import com.marvin.spring.exception.CustomerException;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class CustomerHanderResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
//打印错误信息
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
//定义自定义异常句柄
CustomerException customerException;
//获取参数
String url = httpServletRequest.getParameter("url");
//判断该异常是否为自定义异常
if(e instanceof CustomerException) {
url="redirect:"+url;
customerException = (CustomerException) e;
}else{
customerException=new CustomerException("系统出现异常,请与管理员联系");
url="redirect:/error/error.jsp";
}
//创建对象
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
//从定向到错误页面
mv.setViewName(url);
mv.addObject("message",customerException.getMessage());
return mv;
}
}
错误页面jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: zy
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>错误页面</title>
</head>
<body>
错误信息<span style="color: red;font-size: 16px" >${param.message}</span>
</body>
</html>
好了这就实现了业务异常显示到当前页面给操作人员看,系统异常则在error.jsp中显示。