17-线程同步

线程同步

由于同一进程的多个线程共享同一块存储空间，在带来方便的同时，也带来了访问冲突问题,为了保证数据在方法中被访问时的正确性，在访问时加入锁机制 synchronized ，当一个线程获得对象的排它锁，独占资源，其他线程必须等待，使用后释放锁即可。存在以下问题:
◆一个线程持有锁会导致其他所有需要此锁的线程挂起;
◆在多线程竞争下，加锁，释放锁会导致比较多的上下文切换和调度延时，引起性能问题;
◆如果一个优先级高的线程等待一个优先级低的线程释放锁 会导致优先级倒置，引起性能问题.

线程不安全案例1：买票

package syn;
//不安全的买票
//线程不安全！重复拿票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(station,"小明").start();
        new Thread(station,"老师").start();
        new Thread(station,"黄牛").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    private int ticketNums = 10;
    boolean flag = true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while (flag){
            buy();
        }
    }

    private void buy(){
        if(ticketNums<=0){
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        //模拟延时
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"get"+ticketNums--);
    }
}

线程不安全案例2：银行取钱

package syn;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱，账户余额负数
public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");

        Drawing me = new Drawing(account,50,"me");
        Drawing myWife = new Drawing(account,100,"myWife");

        me.start();
        myWife.start();
    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money;// 余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//银行：模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;//账户
    int drawingMoney;//取了多少钱
    int nowMoney;//现在手里有多少钱

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }
//取钱
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //判断钱够不够
    if (account.money<drawingMoney){
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"余额不足");
        return;
    }
    //模拟延时，放大问题发生性
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
        nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

        System.out.println(account.name+"余额为："+account.money);
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱："+nowMoney);//this.getName() = Thread.currentThread().getName()
    }
}