Python 之元组tuple

Python 元组

Python 的元组与列表类似，不同之处在于元组的元素不能修改：unchangeable

元组使用小括号，列表使用方括号。

元组创建很简单，只需要在括号中添加元素，并使用逗号隔开即可。

如下实例：

>>> tup1 = ('Google', 'Nasus', 1997, 2000);
>>> tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 );
>>> tup3 = "a", "b", "c", "d";   # 不需要括号也可以
>>> type(tup3)
<class 'tuple'>

创建空元组

tup1 = ();

元组中只包含一个元素时，需要在元素后面添加逗号，否则括号会被当作运算符使用：

>>> tup1 = (50)
>>> type(tup1)     # 不加逗号，类型为整型
<class 'int'>

>>> tup1 = (50,)
>>> type(tup1)     # 加上逗号，类型为元组
<class 'tuple'>

元组与字符串类似，下标索引从0开始，可以进行截取，组合等。

创建非空元组

It is also possible to use the tuple() constructor to make a tuple *tuple()生成器

thistuple = tuple(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) # note the double round-brackets
print(thistuple)

结果：

('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')

访问元组

access tuple terms

元组可以使用下标索引来访问元组中的值，如下实例:

tup1 = ('Google', 'Xiaomi', 2011, 0120)
tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 )

print ("tup1[0]: ", tup1[0])
print ("tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5])

以上实例输出结果：

tup1[0]:  Google
tup2[1:5]:  (2, 3, 4, 5)

indexing 索引
Negative indexing means beginning from the end, -1 refers to the last item, -2 refers to the second last item etc.

thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(thistuple[-1])

结果：

cherry

range of index 索引范围
You can specify a range of indexes by specifying where to start and where to end the range.

When specifying a range, the return value will be a new tuple with the specified items.

thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango")
print(thistuple[2:5]

结果：

('cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi')

修改元组

元组中的元素值是不允许修改的，但我们可以对元组进行连接组合，如下实例:

tup1 = (12, 34.56);
tup2 = ('nasus', 'czy')

 以下修改元组元素操作是非法的。
tup1[0] = 100

创建一个新的元组
tup3 = tup1 + tup2;
print (tup3)

以上实例输出结果：

(12, 34.56, 'nasus', 'czy')

通过转换成列表来修改元组 但删除和添加不可行
Once a tuple is created, you cannot change its values. Tuples are unchangeable, or immutable as it also is called.

But there is a workaround. You can convert the tuple into a list, change the list, and convert the list back into a tuple.

x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
y = list(x)
y[1] = "kiwi"
x = tuple(y)

print(x)

结果：

("apple", "kiwi", "cherry")

删除元组

元组中的元素值是不允许删除的，但我们可以使用 del 语句来删除整个元组，如下实例:

tup = ('Google', 'Runoob', 1997, 2000)

print (tup)
del tup;
print ("删除后的元组 tup : ")
print (tup)

以上实例元组被删除后，输出变量会有异常信息，输出如下所示：

删除后的元组 tup :

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 8, in <module>
    print (tup)
NameError: name 'tup' is not defined

遍历元组

You can loop through the tuple items by using a for loop.（for 循环）

thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
for x in thistuple:
  print(x)

结果：

apple
banana
cherry

Tuple Methods

Python has two built-in methods that you can use on tuples.
count() Returns the number of times a specified value occurs in a tuple
index() Searches the tuple for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found

thistuple = (1, 3, 7, 8, 7, 5, 4, 6, 8, 5)

x = thistuple.count(5)

print(x)

<<<< 2

thistuple = (1, 3, 7, 8, 7, 5, 4, 6, 8, 5)

x = thistuple.index(8)

print(x)

<<<< 3

The index() method finds the first occurrence of the specified value.

The index() method raises an exception if the value is not found.

元组运算符

与字符串一样，元组之间可以使用 + 号和 * 号进行运算。这就意味着他们可以组合和复制，运算后会生成一个新的元组。如下所示：

运行实例如下：

>>> L = ('Tengcent', 'Taobao', 'Xiaomi')
>>> L[2]
'Xiaomi'
>>> L[-2]
'Taobao'
>>> L[1:]
('Taobao', 'Xiaomi')

元组内置函数

Python 元组包含了以下内置函数