Spring 多数据源事务配置问题

  在SpringSide 3 中，白衣提供的预先配置好的环境非常有利于用户进行快速开发，但是同时也会为扩展带来一些困难。最直接的例子就是关于在项目中使用多个数据源的问题，似乎很难搞。在上一篇中，我探讨了SpringSide 3 中的数据访问层，在这一篇中，我立志要解决多数据源配置的难题，我的思路是这样的：

第一步、测试能否配置多个DataSource
第二步、测试能否配置多个SessionFactory
第三步、测试能否配置多个TransactionManager
第四步、测试能否使用多个TransactionManager，也就是看能否配置多个<tx:annotation-driven/>

基本上到第四步就应该走不通了，因为Spring中似乎不能配置多个<tx:annotation-driven/>，而且@transactional注解也无法让用户选择具体使用哪个TransactionManager。也就是说，在SpringSide的应用中，不能让不同的数据源分别属于不同的事务管理器，多数据源只能使用分布式事务管理器，那么测试思路继续如下进行：

第五步、测试能否配置JTATransactionManager

如果到这一步，项目还能顺利在Tomcat中运行的话，我们就算大功告成了。但我总认为事情不会那么顺利，我总觉得JTATransactionManager需要应用服务器的支持，而且需要和JNDI配合使用，具体是不是这样，那只有等测试后才知道。如果被我不幸言中，那么进行下一步：

第六步、更换Tomcat为GlassFish，更换JDBC的DataSource为JNDI查找的DataSource，然后配置JTATransactionManager

下面测试开始，先假设场景，还是继续用上一篇中提到的简单的文章发布系统，假设该系统运行一段时间后非常火爆，单靠一台服务器已经无法支持巨大的用户数，这时候，站长想到了把数据进行水平划分，于是，需要建立一个索引数据库，该索引数据库需保存每一篇文章的Subject及其内容所在的Web服务器，而每一个Web服务器上运行的项目，需要同时访问索引数据库和内容数据库。所以，需要创建索引数据库，如下：

create   database  puretext_index;

use  puretext_index;

create   table  articles(
id  int   primary   key  auto_increment,
subject  varchar ( 256 ),
webserver  varchar ( 30 )
);

第一步测试，配置多个DataSource，配置文件如下：
application.properties：

jdbc.urlContent = jdbc:mysql://localhost: 3306 /PureText?useUnicode = true&characterEncoding = utf8
jdbc.urlIndex = jdbc:mysql://localhost: 3306 /PureText_Index?useUnicode = true&characterEncoding = utf8

applicationContext.xml：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:jee ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"
    default-lazy-init ="true" >

     < description > Spring公共配置文件  </ description >

     <!--  定义受环境影响易变的变量  -->
     < bean  class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
         < property  name ="systemPropertiesModeName"  value ="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE"   />
         < property  name ="ignoreResourceNotFound"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="locations" >
             < list >
                 <!--  标准配置  -->
                 < value > classpath*:/application.properties </ value >
                 <!--  本地开发环境配置  -->
                 < value > classpath*:/application.local.properties </ value >
                 <!--  服务器生产环境配置  -->
                 <!--  <value>file:/var/myapp/application.server.properties</value>  -->
             </ list >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     <!--  使用annotation 自动注册bean,并保证@Required,@Autowired的属性被注入  -->
     < context:component-scan  base-package ="cn.puretext"   />

     <!--  数据源配置,使用应用内的DBCP数据库连接池  -->
     < bean  id ="dataSourceContent"  class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method ="close" >
         <!--  Connection Info  -->
         < property  name ="driverClassName"  value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"   />
         < property  name ="url"  value ="${jdbc.urlContent}"   />
         < property  name ="username"  value ="${jdbc.username}"   />
         < property  name ="password"  value ="${jdbc.password}"   />

         <!--  Connection Pooling Info  -->
         < property  name ="initialSize"  value ="5"   />
         < property  name ="maxActive"  value ="100"   />
         < property  name ="maxIdle"  value ="30"   />
         < property  name ="maxWait"  value ="1000"   />
         < property  name ="poolPreparedStatements"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="defaultAutoCommit"  value ="false"   />
     </ bean >
     < bean  id ="dataSourceIndex"  class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method ="close" >
         <!--  Connection Info  -->
         < property  name ="driverClassName"  value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"   />
         < property  name ="url"  value ="${jdbc.urlIndex}"   />
         < property  name ="username"  value ="${jdbc.username}"   />
         < property  name ="password"  value ="${jdbc.password}"   />

         <!--  Connection Pooling Info  -->
         < property  name ="initialSize"  value ="5"   />
         < property  name ="maxActive"  value ="100"   />
         < property  name ="maxIdle"  value ="30"   />
         < property  name ="maxWait"  value ="1000"   />
         < property  name ="poolPreparedStatements"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="defaultAutoCommit"  value ="false"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  数据源配置,使用应用服务器的数据库连接池  -->
     <!-- <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="java:comp/env/jdbc/ExampleDB" /> -->

     <!--  Hibernate配置  -->
     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property  name ="dataSource"  ref ="dataSourceContent"   />
         < property  name ="namingStrategy" >
             < bean  class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"   />
         </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernateProperties" >
             < props >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
                 </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
         < property  name ="packagesToScan"  value ="cn.puretext.entity.*"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  事务管理器配置,单数据源事务  -->
     < bean  id ="transactionManager"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  事务管理器配置,多数据源JTA事务 -->
     <!--
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager or
        WebLogicJtaTransactionManager" />
     -->

     <!--  使用annotation定义事务  -->
     < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManager"   />
</ beans >

这个时候运行上一篇文章中写好的单元测试DaoTest.java，结果发现还是会出错，错误原因如下：
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'cn.puretext.unit.service.DaoTest': Autowiring of methods failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire method: public void org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests.setDataSource(javax.sql.DataSource); nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.sql.DataSource] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [dataSourceContent, dataSourceIndex]

经过分析，发现是测试类的基类需要注入DataSource，而现在配置了多个DataSource，所以Spring不知道哪个DataSource匹配了，所以需要改写DaoTest.java，如下：

package  cn.puretext.unit.service;

import  java.util.List;

import  javax.annotation.Resource;
import  javax.sql.DataSource;

import  org.junit.Test;
import  org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import  org.springside.modules.orm.Page;
import  org.springside.modules.test.junit4.SpringTxTestCase;

import  cn.puretext.dao.ArticleDao;
import  cn.puretext.entity.web.Article;

public   class  DaoTest  extends  SpringTxTestCase {
    @Autowired
     private  ArticleDao articleDao;
    
     public  ArticleDao getArticleDao() {
         return  articleDao;
    }

     public   void  setArticleDao(ArticleDao articleDao) {
         this .articleDao  =  articleDao;
    }

    @Override
    @Resource(name  =   " dataSourceContent " )
     public   void  setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .setDataSource(dataSource);
    }

    @Test
     public   void  addArticle() {
        Article article  =   new  Article();
        article.setSubject( " article test " );
        article.setContent( " article test " );
        articleDao.save(article);
    }
    
    @Test
     public   void  pageQuery() {
        Page < Article >  page  =   new  Page < Article > ();
        page.setPageSize( 10 );
        page.setPageNo( 2 );
        page  =  articleDao.getAll(page);
        List < Article >  articles  =  page.getResult();
    }
}

 改变的内容主要为重写了基类中的setDataSource方法，并使用@Resource注解指定使用的DataSource为dataSourceContent。经过修改后，单元测试成功运行。

第二步，配置多个SessionFactory，配置文件如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:jee ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"
    default-lazy-init ="true" >

     < description > Spring公共配置文件  </ description >

     <!--  定义受环境影响易变的变量  -->
     < bean  class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
         < property  name ="systemPropertiesModeName"  value ="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE"   />
         < property  name ="ignoreResourceNotFound"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="locations" >
             < list >
                 <!--  标准配置  -->
                 < value > classpath*:/application.properties </ value >
                 <!--  本地开发环境配置  -->
                 < value > classpath*:/application.local.properties </ value >
                 <!--  服务器生产环境配置  -->
                 <!--  <value>file:/var/myapp/application.server.properties</value>  -->
             </ list >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     <!--  使用annotation 自动注册bean,并保证@Required,@Autowired的属性被注入  -->
     < context:component-scan  base-package ="cn.puretext"   />

     <!--  数据源配置,使用应用内的DBCP数据库连接池  -->
     < bean  id ="dataSourceContent"  class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method ="close" >
         <!--  Connection Info  -->
         < property  name ="driverClassName"  value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"   />
         < property  name ="url"  value ="${jdbc.urlContent}"   />
         < property  name ="username"  value ="${jdbc.username}"   />
         < property  name ="password"  value ="${jdbc.password}"   />

         <!--  Connection Pooling Info  -->
         < property  name ="initialSize"  value ="5"   />
         < property  name ="maxActive"  value ="100"   />
         < property  name ="maxIdle"  value ="30"   />
         < property  name ="maxWait"  value ="1000"   />
         < property  name ="poolPreparedStatements"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="defaultAutoCommit"  value ="false"   />
     </ bean >
     < bean  id ="dataSourceIndex"  class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method ="close" >
         <!--  Connection Info  -->
         < property  name ="driverClassName"  value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"   />
         < property  name ="url"  value ="${jdbc.urlIndex}"   />
         < property  name ="username"  value ="${jdbc.username}"   />
         < property  name ="password"  value ="${jdbc.password}"   />

         <!--  Connection Pooling Info  -->
         < property  name ="initialSize"  value ="5"   />
         < property  name ="maxActive"  value ="100"   />
         < property  name ="maxIdle"  value ="30"   />
         < property  name ="maxWait"  value ="1000"   />
         < property  name ="poolPreparedStatements"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="defaultAutoCommit"  value ="false"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  数据源配置,使用应用服务器的数据库连接池  -->
     <!-- <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="java:comp/env/jdbc/ExampleDB" /> -->

     <!--  Hibernate配置  -->
     < bean  id ="sessionFactoryContent"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property  name ="dataSource"  ref ="dataSourceContent"   />
         < property  name ="namingStrategy" >
             < bean  class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"   />
         </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernateProperties" >
             < props >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
                 </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
         < property  name ="packagesToScan"  value ="cn.puretext.entity.*"   />
     </ bean >
     < bean  id ="sessionFactoryIndex"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property  name ="dataSource"  ref ="dataSourceIndex"   />
         < property  name ="namingStrategy" >
             < bean  class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"   />
         </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernateProperties" >
             < props >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
                 </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
         < property  name ="packagesToScan"  value ="cn.puretext.entity.*"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  事务管理器配置,单数据源事务  -->
     < bean  id ="transactionManager"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactoryContent"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  事务管理器配置,多数据源JTA事务 -->
     <!--
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager or
        WebLogicJtaTransactionManager" />
     -->

     <!--  使用annotation定义事务  -->
     < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManager"   />
</ beans >

运行单元测试，报错，错误代码如下：
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'cn.puretext.unit.service.DaoTest': Autowiring of fields failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private cn.puretext.dao.ArticleDao cn.puretext.unit.service.DaoTest.articleDao; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'articleDao': Autowiring of methods failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire method: public void org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.SimpleHibernateDao.setSessionFactory(org.hibernate.SessionFactory); nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [sessionFactoryContent, sessionFactoryIndex]

这和上面出现的错误是异曲同工的，只不过这次是ArticleDao类里面不知道注入哪一个SessionFactory，因此，需要修改ArticleDao类，重写setSessionFactory方法，并用@Resource注解指定，如下：

package  cn.puretext.dao;


import  javax.annotation.Resource;

import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import  org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import  org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.HibernateDao;

import  cn.puretext.entity.web.Article;

@Repository
public   class  ArticleDao  extends  HibernateDao < Article, Long >  {

    @Override
    @Resource(name  =   " sessionFactoryContent " )
     public   void  setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
    }

}

运行单元测试，成功。

第三步、配置多个TransactionManager，如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:jee ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"
    default-lazy-init ="true" >

     < description > Spring公共配置文件  </ description >

     <!--  定义受环境影响易变的变量  -->
     < bean  class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
         < property  name ="systemPropertiesModeName"  value ="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE"   />
         < property  name ="ignoreResourceNotFound"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="locations" >
             < list >
                 <!--  标准配置  -->
                 < value > classpath*:/application.properties </ value >
                 <!--  本地开发环境配置  -->
                 < value > classpath*:/application.local.properties </ value >
                 <!--  服务器生产环境配置  -->
                 <!--  <value>file:/var/myapp/application.server.properties</value>  -->
             </ list >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     <!--  使用annotation 自动注册bean,并保证@Required,@Autowired的属性被注入  -->
     < context:component-scan  base-package ="cn.puretext"   />

     <!--  数据源配置,使用应用内的DBCP数据库连接池  -->
     < bean  id ="dataSourceContent"  class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method ="close" >
         <!--  Connection Info  -->
         < property  name ="driverClassName"  value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"   />
         < property  name ="url"  value ="${jdbc.urlContent}"   />
         < property  name ="username"  value ="${jdbc.username}"   />
         < property  name ="password"  value ="${jdbc.password}"   />

         <!--  Connection Pooling Info  -->
         < property  name ="initialSize"  value ="5"   />
         < property  name ="maxActive"  value ="100"   />
         < property  name ="maxIdle"  value ="30"   />
         < property  name ="maxWait"  value ="1000"   />
         < property  name ="poolPreparedStatements"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="defaultAutoCommit"  value ="false"   />
     </ bean >
     < bean  id ="dataSourceIndex"  class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"  destroy-method ="close" >
         <!--  Connection Info  -->
         < property  name ="driverClassName"  value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"   />
         < property  name ="url"  value ="${jdbc.urlIndex}"   />
         < property  name ="username"  value ="${jdbc.username}"   />
         < property  name ="password"  value ="${jdbc.password}"   />

         <!--  Connection Pooling Info  -->
         < property  name ="initialSize"  value ="5"   />
         < property  name ="maxActive"  value ="100"   />
         < property  name ="maxIdle"  value ="30"   />
         < property  name ="maxWait"  value ="1000"   />
         < property  name ="poolPreparedStatements"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="defaultAutoCommit"  value ="false"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  数据源配置,使用应用服务器的数据库连接池  -->
     <!-- <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="java:comp/env/jdbc/ExampleDB" /> -->

     <!--  Hibernate配置  -->
     < bean  id ="sessionFactoryContent"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property  name ="dataSource"  ref ="dataSourceContent"   />
         < property  name ="namingStrategy" >
             < bean  class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"   />
         </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernateProperties" >
             < props >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
                 </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
         < property  name ="packagesToScan"  value ="cn.puretext.entity.*"   />
     </ bean >
     < bean  id ="sessionFactoryIndex"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property  name ="dataSource"  ref ="dataSourceIndex"   />
         < property  name ="namingStrategy" >
             < bean  class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"   />
         </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernateProperties" >
             < props >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
                 </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
         < property  name ="packagesToScan"  value ="cn.puretext.entity.*"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  事务管理器配置,单数据源事务  -->
     < bean  id ="transactionManagerContent"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactoryContent"   />
     </ bean >
     < bean  id ="transactionManagerIndex"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactoryIndex"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  事务管理器配置,多数据源JTA事务 -->
     <!--
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager or
        WebLogicJtaTransactionManager" />
     -->

     <!--  使用annotation定义事务  -->
     < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManagerContent"   />
</ beans >

这个时候运行还是会出错，出错的原因为 org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'transactionManager' is defined，因为该出错信息很短，我也难以找出究竟是哪个地方需要名为“transactionManager”的事务管理器，改个名字都不行，看来Spring的自动注入有时候也错综复杂害人不浅。不过，如果把上面的其中一个名字改成“transactionManger”，另外一个名字不改，运行是成功的，如下：

<!--  事务管理器配置,单数据源事务  -->
     < bean  id ="transactionManager"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactoryContent"   />
     </ bean >
     < bean  id ="transactionManagerIndex"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactoryIndex"   />
     </ bean >

这个时候得出结论是，可以配置多个TransactionManager，但是必须有一个的名字是transactionManager。

第四步、配置多个<tx:annotation-driven/>，如下：

     <!--  使用annotation定义事务  -->
     < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManager"   />
     < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManagerIndex"   />

运行测试，天啦，竟然成功了。和我之前预料的完全不一样，居然在一个配置文件中配置多个<tx:annotation-driven/>一点问题都没有。那么在使用@Transactional的地方，它真的能够选择正确的事务管理器吗？我不得不写更多的代码来进行测试。那就针对索引数据库中的表写一个Entity，写一个Dao测试一下吧。

代码如下：

package  cn.puretext.entity.web;

import  javax.persistence.Column;
import  javax.persistence.Entity;
import  javax.persistence.Table;

import  org.hibernate.annotations.Cache;
import  org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;

import  cn.puretext.entity.IdEntity;

@Entity
//  表名与类名不相同时重新定义表名.
@Table(name  =   " articles " )
//  默认的缓存策略.
@Cache(usage  =  CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)
public   class  ArticleIndex  extends  IdEntity {
     private  String subject;
     private  String webServer;

     public  String getSubject() {
         return  subject;
    }

     public   void  setSubject(String subject) {
         this .subject  =  subject;
    }
    @Column(name  =   " webserver " )
     public  String getWebServer() {
         return  webServer;
    }

     public   void  setWebServer(String webServer) {
         this .webServer  =  webServer;
    }
}

package  cn.puretext.dao;

import  javax.annotation.Resource;

import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import  org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import  org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.HibernateDao;

import  cn.puretext.entity.web.ArticleIndex;

@Repository
public   class  ArticleIndexDao  extends  HibernateDao < ArticleIndex, Long >   {
    @Override
    @Resource(name = "sessionFactoryIndex")
    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
    }
}

 

package  cn.puretext.unit.service;

import  java.util.List;

import  javax.annotation.Resource;
import  javax.sql.DataSource;

import  org.junit.Test;
import  org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import  org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import  org.springside.modules.orm.Page;
import  org.springside.modules.test.junit4.SpringTxTestCase;

import  cn.puretext.dao.ArticleDao;
import  cn.puretext.dao.ArticleIndexDao;
import  cn.puretext.entity.web.Article;
import  cn.puretext.entity.web.ArticleIndex;
import  cn.puretext.service.ServiceException;

public   class  DaoTest  extends  SpringTxTestCase {
    @Autowired
     private  ArticleDao articleDao;
    @Autowired
     private  ArticleIndexDao articleIndexDao;
    
     public   void  setArticleIndexDao(ArticleIndexDao articleIndexDao) {
         this .articleIndexDao  =  articleIndexDao;
    }

     public   void  setArticleDao(ArticleDao articleDao) {
         this .articleDao  =  articleDao;
    }

    @Override
    @Resource(name  =   " dataSourceContent " )
     public   void  setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
         //  TODO Auto-generated method stub
         super .setDataSource(dataSource);
    }

    @Test
    @Transactional
     public   void  addArticle() {
        Article article  =   new  Article();
        article.setSubject( " article test " );
        article.setContent( " article test " );
        articleDao.save(article);
    }

    @Test
    @Transactional
     public   void  pageQuery() {
        Page < Article >  page  =   new  Page < Article > ();
        page.setPageSize( 10 );
        page.setPageNo( 2 );
        page  =  articleDao.getAll(page);
        List < Article >  articles  =  page.getResult();
    }
    
    @Test
    @Transactional
     public   void  addIndex() {
        ArticleIndex articleIndex  =   new  ArticleIndex();
        articleIndex.setSubject( " test " );
        articleIndex.setWebServer( " www001 " );
        articleIndexDao.save(articleIndex);
    }
    
    @Test
    @Transactional
     public   void  addArticleAndAddIndex() {
        addArticle();
        addIndex();
         throw   new  ServiceException( " 测试事务回滚 " );
    }
}

运行测试，结果还是成功的。到目前，发现在一个项目中使用多个TransactionManager可以正常运行，但是有两个问题需要考虑：
1、为什么必须得有一个TransactionManager名字为transactionManager？
2、这两个TransactionManager真的能正常工作吗？
3、OpenSessionInView的问题怎么解决？

以上的三个问题在单元测试中是不能找出答案的，我只好再去写Action层的代码，期望能够从中得到线索。经过一天艰苦的努力，终于真相大白：
1、并不是必须有一个TransactionManager的名字为transactionMananger，这只是单元测试在搞鬼，在真实的Web环境中，无论两个TransactionManager取什么名字都可以，运行不会报错。所以这个答案很明确，是因为单元测试的基类需要一个名为 transactionMananger的事务管理器。
2、在单元测试中，只能测试Dao类和Entity类能否正常工作，但是由于单元测试结束后事务会自动回滚，不会把数据写入到数据库中，所以没有办法确定两个TransactionManager能否正常工作。在真实的Web环境中，问题很快就浮出水面，只有一个数据库中有数据，另外一个数据库中没有，经过调整<tx:annotation-driven/>的位置并对比分析，发现只有放在前面的TransactionMananger的事务能够正常提交，放在后面的TransactionManager的事务不能提交，所以永远只有一个数据库里面有数据。
3、如果早一点脱离单元测试而进入真实的Web环境，就会早一点发现OpenSessionInViewFilter的问题，因为只要配置多个 SessionFactory，运行的时候OpenSessionInViewFilter就会报错。为了解决这个问题，我只能去阅读 OpenSessionInViewFilter的源代码，发现它在将Session绑定到线程的时候用的是Map，而且使用 SessionFactory作为Map的key，这就说明在线程中绑定多个Session不会冲突，也进一步说明可以在web.xml中配置多个 OpenSessionInViewFilter。而我也正是通过配置多个OpenSessionInViewFilter来解决问题的。我的 web.xml文件如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app  version ="2.4"  xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"  xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >

     < display-name > PureText </ display-name >
     <!--  Spring ApplicationContext配置文件的路径,可使用通配符,多个路径用,号分隔
        此参数用于后面的Spring Context Loader  -->
     < context-param >
         < param-name > contextConfigLocation </ param-name >
         < param-value > classpath*:/applicationContext*.xml </ param-value >
     </ context-param >

     <!--  Character Encoding filter  -->
     < filter >
         < filter-name > encodingFilter </ filter-name >
         < filter-class > org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </ filter-class >
         < init-param >
             < param-name > encoding </ param-name >
             < param-value > UTF-8 </ param-value >
         </ init-param >
         < init-param >
             < param-name > forceEncoding </ param-name >
             < param-value > true </ param-value >
         </ init-param >
     </ filter >

     < filter >
         < filter-name > hibernateOpenSessionInViewFilterContent </ filter-name >
         < filter-class > org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.OpenSessionInViewFilter </ filter-class >
         < init-param >
             < param-name > excludeSuffixs </ param-name >
             < param-value > js,css,jpg,gif </ param-value >
         </ init-param >
         < init-param >       
                < param-name > sessionFactoryBeanName </ param-name >
             < param-value > sessionFactoryContent </ param-value >    
         </ init-param >     
     </ filter >
     < filter >
         < filter-name > hibernateOpenSessionInViewFilterIndex </ filter-name >
         < filter-class > org.springside.modules.orm.hibernate.OpenSessionInViewFilter </ filter-class >
         < init-param >
             < param-name > excludeSuffixs </ param-name >
             < param-value > js,css,jpg,gif </ param-value >
         </ init-param >
         < init-param >       
                < param-name > sessionFactoryBeanName </ param-name >
             < param-value > sessionFactoryIndex </ param-value >    
         </ init-param >     
     </ filter >
     <!--  SpringSecurity filter -->
     < filter >
         < filter-name > springSecurityFilterChain </ filter-name >
         < filter-class > org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy </ filter-class >
     </ filter >

     <!--  Struts2 filter  -->
     < filter >
         < filter-name > struts2Filter </ filter-name >
         < filter-class > org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter </ filter-class >
     </ filter >

     < filter-mapping >
         < filter-name > encodingFilter </ filter-name >
         < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
     </ filter-mapping >


     < filter-mapping >
         < filter-name > springSecurityFilterChain </ filter-name >
         < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
     </ filter-mapping >
     < filter-mapping >
         < filter-name > hibernateOpenSessionInViewFilterContent </ filter-name >
         < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
     </ filter-mapping >
     < filter-mapping >
         < filter-name > hibernateOpenSessionInViewFilterIndex </ filter-name >
         < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
     </ filter-mapping >
     < filter-mapping >
         < filter-name > struts2Filter </ filter-name >
         < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
     </ filter-mapping >

     <!-- Spring的ApplicationContext 载入  -->
     < listener >
         < listener-class > org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </ listener-class >
     </ listener >

     <!--  Spring 刷新Introspector防止内存泄露  -->
     < listener >
         < listener-class > org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener </ listener-class >
     </ listener >

     <!--  session超时定义,单位为分钟  -->
     < session-config >
         < session-timeout > 20 </ session-timeout >
     </ session-config >

     <!--  出错页面定义  -->
     < error-page >
         < exception-type > java.lang.Throwable </ exception-type >
         < location > /common/500.jsp </ location >
     </ error-page >
     < error-page >
         < error-code > 500 </ error-code >
         < location > /common/500.jsp </ location >
     </ error-page >
     < error-page >
         < error-code > 404 </ error-code >
         < location > /common/404.jsp </ location >
     </ error-page >
     < error-page >
         < error-code > 403 </ error-code >
         < location > /common/403.jsp </ location >
     </ error-page >
</ web-app >

经过上面的分析，发现使用多个TransactionManager是不可行的（这个时候我在想，也许不使用Annotation就可以使用多个 TransactionMananger吧，毕竟Spring的AOP应该是可以把不同的TransactionManager插入到不同的类和方法中，但是谁愿意走回头路呢？毕竟都已经是@Transactional的年代了），虽然运行不会报错，但是只有一个TransactionManager的事务能够正常提交。所以测试进入下一步：

第五步、使用JTATransactionManager

简单地修改配置文件，使用JTATransactionManager做为事务管理器，配置文件我就不列出来了，运行，结果抱错，错误信息如下：
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '_filterChainProxy': Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '_filterChainList': Cannot create inner bean '(inner bean)' of type [org.springframework.security.config.OrderedFilterBeanDefinitionDecorator$OrderedFilterDecorator] while setting bean property 'filters' with key [10]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '(inner bean)': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'filterSecurityInterceptor' while setting constructor argument; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'filterSecurityInterceptor' defined in file [D:\Temp\1-PureText\WEB-INF\classes\applicationContext-security.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'databaseDefinitionSource' while setting bean property 'objectDefinitionSource'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'databaseDefinitionSource': FactoryBean threw exception on object creation; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor#0': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'transactionManager' while setting bean property 'transactionManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager' defined in file [D:\Temp\1-PureText\WEB-INF\classes\applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: No JTA UserTransaction available - specify either 'userTransaction' or 'userTransactionName' or 'transactionManager' or 'transactionManagerName'

通过分析，发现其中最关键的一句是No JTA UserTransaction available，看来，我们只能进入到第六步，使用GlassFish了。

第六步、将项目部署到GlassFish中

将项目简单地部署到GlassFish中之后，项目可以成功运行，没有报错，说明JTA UserTransaction问题解决了，但是检查数据库却发现依然没有数据，看来JTATransactionManager不仅要和应用服务器配合使用，还要和JNDI数据源一起使用。将数据源的配置修改为JNDI后，问题解决。下面是我的配置文件：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:jee ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"
    default-lazy-init ="true" >

     < description > Spring公共配置文件  </ description >

     <!--  定义受环境影响易变的变量  -->
     < bean  class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
         < property  name ="systemPropertiesModeName"  value ="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE"   />
         < property  name ="ignoreResourceNotFound"  value ="true"   />
         < property  name ="locations" >
             < list >
                 <!--  标准配置  -->
                 < value > classpath*:/application.properties </ value >
                 <!--  本地开发环境配置  -->
                 < value > classpath*:/application.local.properties </ value >
                 <!--  服务器生产环境配置  -->
                 <!--  <value>file:/var/myapp/application.server.properties</value>  -->
             </ list >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     <!--  使用annotation 自动注册bean,并保证@Required,@Autowired的属性被注入  -->
     < context:component-scan  base-package ="cn.puretext"   />

     <!--  数据源配置,使用应用服务器的数据库连接池  -->
     < jee:jndi-lookup  id ="dataSourceContent"  jndi-name ="jdbc/dataSourceContent"   />
     < jee:jndi-lookup  id ="dataSourceIndex"  jndi-name ="jdbc/dataSourceIndex"   />

     <!--  Hibernate配置  -->
     < bean  id ="sessionFactoryContent"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property  name ="dataSource"  ref ="dataSourceContent"   />
         < property  name ="namingStrategy" >
             < bean  class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"   />
         </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernateProperties" >
             < props >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
                 </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
         < property  name ="packagesToScan"  value ="cn.puretext.entity.*"   />
     </ bean >
     < bean  id ="sessionFactoryIndex"  class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property  name ="dataSource"  ref ="dataSourceIndex"   />
         < property  name ="namingStrategy" >
             < bean  class ="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"   />
         </ property >
         < property  name ="hibernateProperties" >
             < props >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.show_sql" > ${hibernate.show_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.format_sql" > ${hibernate.format_sql} </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_class" > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider
                 </ prop >
                 < prop  key ="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path" > ${hibernate.ehcache_config_file} </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
         < property  name ="packagesToScan"  value ="cn.puretext.entity.*"   />
     </ bean >

     <!--  事务管理器配置,单数据源事务  -->
     <!--
    <bean id="transactionManagerContent" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactoryContent" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="transactionManagerIndex" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactoryIndex" />
    </bean>
     -->
    
     <!--  事务管理器配置,多数据源JTA事务 -->
    
     < bean  id ="transactionManager"  class ="org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager"   />
    

     <!--  使用annotation定义事务  -->
     < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManager"   />
    
</ beans >

最后，我得出的结论是：要想使用多个数据库，就必须使用JTATransactionMananger，必须使用GlassFish等应用服务器而不是Tomcat，必须使用JNDI来管理dataSource。

如果一定要使用Tomcat呢？

这确实是一个难题，但是并不代表着没有解决办法。经过广泛的Google一番之后，终于发现了一个好东东，那就是JOTM，它的全称就是Java Open Transaction Mananger，它的作用就是可以单独提供JTA事务管理的功能，不需要应用服务器。JOTM的使用方法有两种，一种就是把它配置到项目中，和 Spring结合起来使用，另外一种就是把它配置到Tomcat中，这时，Tomcat摇身一变就成了和GlassFish一样的能够提供JTA功能的服务器了。

JOTM的官方网站为http://jotm.ow2.org，这是它的新网站，旧网站为http://jotm.objectweb.org。

我选择了把JOTM 2.0.11整合到Tomcat中的方法进行了测试，结果发现还是不能够正常运行，我使用的是JOTM2.0.11，Tomcat 6.0.20，JKD 6 Update10。看来还得继续折腾下去了。

另外一个开源的JTA事务管理器是Atomikos，它供了事务管理和连接池，不需要应用服务器支持，其官方网站为http://www.atomikos.com/。有兴趣的朋友可以试试。