hibernate的关联关系,重点在理解级联cascade和inverse
1、cascade一般用在级联保存,级联更新,级联删除上
1.1cascade注解有两种,一种是基于hibernate注解
org.hibernate.annotations.Cascade
org.hibernate.annotations.CascadeType
支持一下级联
ALL, PERSIST//级联持久化,调用session.persist()时会触发级联事件 MERGE//级联保存或者更新,jpa规范 hibernate为了支持jsr220 后面添加的,调用session.merge()时触发级联 REMOVE,//级联删除,jpa规范同上,调用session.delete()时触发 REFRESH, DELETE,//级联删除,session.delete()触发 SAVE_UPDATE,//级联保存或者更新session.save(),session.update(),session.saveOrUpdate(); REPLICATE,
配置示例
@Cascade(value={org.hibernate.annotations.CascadeType.ALL})
private StudentInfo studentInfo ;
1.2第二种注解是基于jpa规范,也就是apache jsr220规范,也是ejb3的持久层规范
javax.persistence.CascadeType
ALL,
PERSIST,调用session.persist()时触发 MERGE,调用session.merge()触发 REMOVE,调用session.delete()触发 REFRESH, DETACH
配置示例
@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.MERGE})
@JoinColumn(name = "teacher_id")
private Teacher teacher;
1.3级联一般用在OneToOne和OneToMany上,这也是hibernate官方的推荐,有时候我们在开发中也用在 ManyToOne,ManyToMany上,只是想在测试上少写点代码而已,在持久化一个实体的时候级联持久其他关联实体,
如下:teacher和student是ManyToMany,加上了cascade注解,便于测试
@Test
public void addStudentToTeacher(){
Student student1 = new Student("张三",20,20072733L);
Student student2 = new Student("李四",20,20072734L);
Student student3 = new Student("王五",20,20072735L);
Teacher teacher = new Teacher("张老师");
teacher.getStudents().add(student3);
teacher.getStudents().add(student2);
teacher.getStudents().add(student1);
this.teacherDao.save(teacher);
}
2、inverse,英文意思是反向,反转。在这里可以理解为控制反转,也就是说实体间的关系由谁控制,所以inverse用在实体关联上。如OneToOne,OneToMany,ManyToMany
在OneToMany中,如果不指定inverse,那么hibernate会去找默认的表来维持关系。
例如用老师和课程两个实体来说明,假设teacher和course是OneToMany的关系,
配置如下:
//通过外键teacher_id关联teacher,inverse通过mappedBy来设置
@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.MERGE})
@JoinColumn(name = "teacher_id")
private Teacher teacher;
@OneToMany(mappedBy="teacher",fetch=FetchType.LAZY,cascade={CascadeType.MERGE,CascadeType.REMOVE})
private Set<Course> courses = new HashSet<Course>();
在这里指定teacher的属性courses的关系由关联实体Course的teacher属性维持,如果不配置,则会去找关联表teacher_course来维持关系。OneToOne和ManyToMany大同小异,这里不再累述!