G.711 u律；A律 压缩算法

/**********************************************************************
 * g711.c
 * u-law, A-law and linear PCM conversions.
 **********************************************************************/


#define SIGN_BIT(0x80) /* Sign bit for a A-law byte. */
#define QUANT_MASK(0xf) /* Quantization field mask.   */
#define NSEGS (8) /* Number of A-law segments.  */
#define SEG_SHIFT(4) /* Left shift for segment number. */
#define SEG_MASK(0x70) /* Segment field mask. */


static short seg_end[8] = {0xFF, 0x1FF, 0x3FF, 0x7FF,
              0xFFF, 0x1FFF, 0x3FFF, 0x7FFF};


/* copy from CCITT G.711 specifications */
unsigned char _u2a[128] = { /* u- to A-law conversions */
1, 1,2, 2, 3, 3, 4,4,
5, 5,6, 6, 7, 7, 8,8,
9, 10,11, 12,13, 14,15, 16,
17, 18,19, 20,21, 22,23, 24,
25, 27,29, 31,33, 34,35, 36,
37, 38,39, 40,41, 42,43, 44,
46, 48,49, 50,51, 52,53, 54,
55, 56,57, 58,59, 60,61, 62,
64, 65,66, 67,68, 69,70, 71,
72, 73,74, 75,76, 77,78, 79,
81, 82,83, 84,85, 86,87, 88,
89, 90,91, 92,93, 94,95, 96,
97, 98,99, 100,101,102,103,104,
105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,
113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,
121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128
};


unsigned char _a2u[128] = { /* A- to u-law conversions */
1, 3,5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15,
16, 17,18, 19,20, 21,22, 23,
24, 25,26, 27,28, 29,30, 31,
32, 32,33, 33,34, 34,35, 35,
36, 37,38, 39,40, 41,42, 43,
44, 45,46, 47,48, 48,49, 49,
50, 51,52, 53,54, 55,56, 57,
58, 59,60, 61,62, 63,64, 64,
65, 66,67, 68,69, 70,71, 72,
73, 74,75, 76,77, 78,79, 79,
80, 81,82, 83,84, 85,86, 87,
88, 89,90, 91,92, 93,94, 95,
96, 97,98, 99,100,101,102,103,
104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,
112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,
120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127
};


static int search(int val,short *table,int size)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (val <= *table++)
return (i);
}
return (size);
}


/*********************************************************************
 * linear2alaw() - Convert a 16-bit linear PCM value to 8-bit A-law
 *  
 * linear2alaw() accepts an 16-bit integer and encodes it as A-law data.
 *
 * Linear Input CodeCompressed Code
 * -----------------       ------------------
 * 0000000wxyza000wxyz
 * 0000001wxyza001wxyz
 * 000001wxyzab010wxyz
 * 00001wxyzabc011wxyz
 * 0001wxyzabcd100wxyz
 * 001wxyzabcde101wxyz
 * 01wxyzabcdef110wxyz
 * 1wxyzabcdefg111wxyz
 *
 * For further information see John C. Bellamy's Digital Telephony, 1982,
 * John Wiley & Sons, pps 98-111 and 472-476.
 *********************************************************************/
unsigned char linear2alaw(int pcm_val) /* 2's complement (16-bit range) */
{
int mask;
int seg;
unsigned char aval;


if (pcm_val >= 0) {
mask = 0xD5; /* sign (7th) bit = 1 */
} else {
mask = 0x55; /* sign bit = 0 */
pcm_val = -pcm_val - 8;
}


/* Convert the scaled magnitude to segment number. */
seg = search(pcm_val, seg_end, 8);


/* Combine the sign, segment, and quantization bits. */


if (seg >= 8) /* out of range, return maximum value. */
return (0x7F ^ mask);
else {
aval = seg << SEG_SHIFT;
if (seg < 2)
aval |= (pcm_val >> 4) & QUANT_MASK;
else
aval |= (pcm_val >> (seg + 3)) & QUANT_MASK;
return (aval ^ mask);
}
}


/*********************************************************************
 *    alaw2linear() - Convert an A-law value to 16-bit linear PCM
 *********************************************************************/
int alaw2linear(unsigned char a_val)
{
int t;
int seg;


a_val ^= 0x55;


t = (a_val & QUANT_MASK) << 4;
seg = ((unsigned)a_val & SEG_MASK) >> SEG_SHIFT;
switch (seg) {
case 0:
t += 8;
break;
case 1:
t += 0x108;
break;
default:
t += 0x108;
t <<= seg - 1;
}
return ((a_val & SIGN_BIT) ? t : -t);
}


#define BIAS (0x84) /* Bias for linear code. */


/*********************************************************************
 * linear2ulaw() - Convert a linear PCM value to u-law
 *
 * In order to simplify the encoding process, the original linear magnitude
 * is biased by adding 33 which shifts the encoding range from (0 - 8158) to
 * (33 - 8191). The result can be seen in the following encoding table:
 *
 * Biased Linear Input Code Compressed Code
 * ---------------------------------------
 * 00000001wxyza000wxyz
 * 0000001wxyzab001wxyz
 * 000001wxyzabc010wxyz
 * 00001wxyzabcd011wxyz
 * 0001wxyzabcde100wxyz
 * 001wxyzabcdef101wxyz
 * 01wxyzabcdefg110wxyz
 * 1wxyzabcdefgh111wxyz
 *
 * Each biased linear code has a leading 1 which identifies the segment
 * number. The value of the segment number is equal to 7 minus the number
 * of leading 0's. The quantization interval is directly available as the
 * four bits wxyz.  * The trailing bits (a - h) are ignored.
 *
 * Ordinarily the complement of the resulting code word is used for
 * transmission, and so the code word is complemented before it is returned.
 *
 * For further information see John C. Bellamy's Digital Telephony, 1982,
 * John Wiley & Sons, pps 98-111 and 472-476.
 *********************************************************************/
unsigned char linear2ulaw(int pcm_val) /* 2's complement (16-bit range) */
{
int mask;
int seg;
unsigned char uval;


/* Get the sign and the magnitude of the value. */
if (pcm_val < 0) {
pcm_val = BIAS - pcm_val;
mask = 0x7F;
} else {
pcm_val += BIAS;
mask = 0xFF;
}


/* Convert the scaled magnitude to segment number. */
seg = search(pcm_val, seg_end, 8);


/*
* Combine the sign, segment, quantization bits;
* and complement the code word.
*/
if (seg >= 8) /* out of range, return maximum value. */
return (0x7F ^ mask);
else {
uval = (seg << 4) | ((pcm_val >> (seg + 3)) & 0xF);
return (uval ^ mask);
}


}


/*********************************************************************
 * ulaw2linear() - Convert a u-law value to 16-bit linear PCM
 *
 * First, a biased linear code is derived from the code word. An unbiased
 * output can then be obtained by subtracting 33 from the biased code.
 *
 * Note that this function expects to be passed the complement of the
 * original code word. This is in keeping with ISDN conventions.
 *********************************************************************/
int ulaw2linear( unsigned char u_val)
{
int t;


/* Complement to obtain normal u-law value. */
u_val = ~u_val;


/*
* Extract and bias the quantization bits. Then
* shift up by the segment number and subtract out the bias.
*/
t = ((u_val & QUANT_MASK) << 3) + BIAS;
t <<= ((unsigned)u_val & SEG_MASK) >> SEG_SHIFT;


return ((u_val & SIGN_BIT) ? (BIAS - t) : (t - BIAS));
}


/* A-law to u-law conversion */
unsigned char alaw2ulaw(unsigned char aval)
{
aval &= 0xff;
return ((aval & 0x80) ? (0xFF ^ _a2u[aval ^ 0xD5]) :
   (0x7F ^ _a2u[aval ^ 0x55]));
}


/* u-law to A-law conversion */
unsigned char ulaw2alaw(unsigned char uval)
{
uval &= 0xff;
return ((uval & 0x80) ? (0xD5 ^ (_u2a[0xFF ^ uval] - 1)):
      (0x55 ^ (_u2a[0x7F ^ uval] - 1)));
}