Spring - 全局异常处理器的使用

一. 自定义异常和全局处理

1.1 自定义异常类

首先我们定义一个接口，规范了自定义异常的几种函数：

public interface CommonError {
    int getErrorCode();
    String getErrorMsg();
    CommonError setErrMsg(String errMsg);
}

然后我们可以自定义一个枚举异常类，定义了对应的异常原因和code代码：

public enum EmBusinessError implements CommonError {
    // 通用错误类型 1000x
    UNKNOWN_ERROR(10000, "未知错误"),
    // 类型为数据库操作异常 2000x
    DATA_ERROR(20000, "数据库操作失败"),
    DATA_INSERT_ERROR(20001, "数据库插入异常"),
    DATA_DELETE_ERROR(20002, "数据库删除异常"),
    DATA_UPDATE_ERROR(20003, "数据库更新异常"),
    DATA_SELECT_ERROR(20004, "数据库查询异常"),
    // 业务失败 3000x
    USER_NOT_EXIST(30001, "用户不存在"),
    // 验权失败 4000x
    USER_AUTH_ERROR(40001, "验权失败"),
    USER_PERMISSION_ERROR(40002, "权限不足"),
    SHIRO_USER_AUTH_ERROR(40003, "shiro认证失败"),
    ;

    EmBusinessError(int errCode, String errMsg) {
        this.errCode = errCode;
        this.errMsg = errMsg;
    }

    private int errCode;
    private String errMsg;


    @Override
    public int getErrorCode() {
        return errCode;
    }

    @Override
    public String getErrorMsg() {
        return errMsg;
    }

    @Override
    public CommonError setErrMsg(String errMsg) {
        this.errMsg = errMsg;
        return this;
    }
}

接下来就可以自定义异常了：

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException implements CommonError {

    private CommonError commonError;

    // 直接接受EmBusinessError的传参用于构造业务异常
    public BusinessException(CommonError commonError) {
        super();
        this.commonError = commonError;
    }

    // 接受自定义errMsg的方式构造业务异常
    public BusinessException(CommonError commonError, String errorMsg) {
        super();
        this.commonError = commonError;
        this.commonError.setErrMsg(errorMsg);
    }

    @Override
    public int getErrorCode() {
        return this.commonError.getErrorCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String getErrorMsg() {
        return this.commonError.getErrorMsg();
    }

    @Override
    public CommonError setErrMsg(String errMsg) {
        this.commonError.setErrMsg(errMsg);
        return this;
    }
}

1.2 统一风格的返回格式

我们自定义一个CommonReturnType类，无论是正常的请求还是异常的捕获，我们都用这个类来完成构建Response对象。

public class CommonReturnType {

    // 返回请求处理结果
    private String status;
    // 返回数据
    private Object data;

    public static CommonReturnType creat(Object result) {
        return CommonReturnType.creat(result, "success");
    }

    public static CommonReturnType fail(CommonError error) {
        return fail(error.getErrorCode(), error.getErrorMsg());
    }

    public static CommonReturnType fail(CommonError error, String errorMsg) {
        return fail(error.getErrorCode(), errorMsg);
    }

    public static CommonReturnType fail(Integer errorCode, String errorMsg) {
        CommonReturnType type = new CommonReturnType();
        Map<String, Object> responseData = new HashMap<>();
        responseData.put("errorCode", errorCode);
        responseData.put("errorMsg", errorMsg);
        type.setStatus("fail");
        type.setData(responseData);
        return type;
    }

    public static CommonReturnType creat(Object result, String status) {
        CommonReturnType type = new CommonReturnType();
        type.setData(result);
        type.setStatus(status);

        return type;
    }

    public String getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(String status) {
        this.status = status;
    }

    public Object getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(Object data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

1.3 全局处理

我们自定义一个ExceptionController，加上@RestControllerAdvice注解。

@RestControllerAdvice
@Slf4j
public class ExceptionController {
    // 捕获自定义异常
    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public CommonReturnType businessException(BusinessException e) {
        return CommonReturnType.fail(e);
    }

    // 捕捉其他所有异常
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public CommonReturnType globalException(Exception e) {
        return CommonReturnType.fail(EmBusinessError.UNKNOWN_ERROR.getErrorCode(),e.getMessage());
    }
}

那么我们在业务代码上，如果想抛出自定义异常，就可以：

public void process(){
	// 业务处理
	if(xxx){
		throw new BusinessException(EmBusinessError.USER_NOT_EXIST);
	}
}

如果是正常的接口返回：

@PostMapping("/login")
public CommonReturnType login() {
    Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("msg", "Success");
	User user = new User();
    user.setPhone("123456");
    map.put("data", user);
    return CommonReturnType.creat(map);
}