计算机网络:中英文对照名词解释一览表(持续更新)

整体

  • 广域网 WAN (Wide Area Network):作用范围通常为几十到几千公里。
  • 城域网 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):作用距离约为 5~50 公里。
  • 局域网 LAN (Local Area Network) :局限在较小的范围(如 1 公里左右)。
  • 个人区域网 PAN (Personal Area Network) :范围很小,大约在 10 米左右。
  • 接入网 AN (Access Network),它又称为本地接入网或居民接入网。接入网是一类比较特殊的计算机网络,用于将用户接入互联网。

  • 电话网络(语音网络 PSTN)
  • 计算机网络(computer network)
  • 视频网络(有线电视网络 CATV)

  • 公用网 (public network)
    按规定交纳费用的人都可以使用的网络。因此也可称为公众网。
  • 专用网 (private network)
    为特殊业务工作的需要而建造的网络。

  • RTT(Round-Trip Time): 往返时延。发送端发送数据开始,到发送端接收到接收方的确认为止的时间。
  • 带宽(Bandwidth)、时延(Delay)

  • 因特网(Internet)是世界范围内计算机网络的集合。
    因特网是网络的网络,将全球异构的网络互联起来形成的网络。
  • ISP:Internet Service Provider 提供因特网接入服务的企业或运营商.

  • 应用层(application layer)
  • 传输层(transport layer)
  • 网络层(network layer)
  • 数据链路层(data link layer)
  • 物理层(physical layer)

应用层

  • C/S模式(Client/Server模式)
  • P2P(peer to peer)对等模式
  • 进程(Process):主机中动态运行的程序
  • 域名系统(Domain Name System,缩写:DNS)是互联网的一项服务。它作为将域名和IP地址相互映射的一个分布式数据库,能够使人更方便地访问互联网。
  • 因特网范围内唯一的统一资源定位符 URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
  • www 万维网
  • HTTP协议(HyperText Transfer Protocol,超文本传输协议)是因特网上应用最为广泛的一种网络传输协议,所有的WWW文件都必须遵守这个标准。
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计算机网络英文名词解释如下: 1. Network: A network is a collection of interconnected devices, such as computers, servers, routers, switches, etc., that are linked together to facilitate communication and data sharing. 2. Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines that govern the communication between devices in a network. It defines how data is transmitted, received, and interpreted. 3. IP Address: An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network. It is used to identify and locate devices in a network using the Internet Protocol (IP). 4. Router: A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between different networks. It determines the best path for data transmission based on the destination IP address. 5. Switch: A switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices within a local area network (LAN). It forwards data packets between devices based on their MAC addresses. 6. Firewall: A firewall is a security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, filtering out potentially harmful data. 7. DNS (Domain Name System): DNS is a system that translates domain names (e.g., www.example.com) into IP addresses. It allows users to access websites using human-readable domain names instead of numerical IP addresses. 8. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): DHCP is a network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. It simplifies the process of network*** is a secure connection that allows users to access a private network over a public network, such as the internet. It provides encryption and authentication to ensure secure data transmission. 10. LAN (Local Area Network): A LAN is a network that connects devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or building. It allows for local data sharing and communication between devices. 11. WAN (Wide Area Network): A WAN is a network that spans a large geographical area, connecting multiple LANs or other networks. It enables long-distance communication and data transfer. 12. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): TCP/IP is a set of protocols that form the foundation of the internet and most computer networks. It provides reliable and standardized communication between devices. 13. Bandwidth: Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given time period. It is typically measured in bits per second (bps) or megabits per second (Mbps). 14. Latency: Latency is the time delay between the transmission and reception of data over a network. It is influenced by factors such as distance, network congestion, and processing time. 15. Packet: A packet is a unit of data that is transmitted over a network. It contains both the data being transmitted and control information, such as source and destination addresses.

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