SpringBoot之JPA

撸了今年阿里、网易和美团的面试，我有一个重要发现.......>>>

 

前言：用Spring全家桶，大家常用的应该是jpa，上次我看过一次调查统计，歪果人使用持久化框架jpa比较多，目前国内已知互联网公司mybatis会比较多，可能大家都觉得mybatis的查询效率更高。 SpringData JPA只是SpringData中的一个子模块，JPA是一套标准接口，而Hibernate是JPA的实现，SpringData JPA 底层默认实现是使用Hibernate，SpringDataJPA 的首个接口就是Repository，它是一个标记接口。只要我们的接口实现这个接口，那么我们就相当于在使用SpringDataJPA了。

 

Spring Data存储库抽象中的中央接口是Repository。它将域类以及域类的ID类型作为类型参数进行管理。此接口主要用作标记接口，用于捕获要使用的类型，并帮助您发现扩展此接口的接口。该CrudRepository规定对于正在管理的实体类复杂的CRUD功能。

public interface CrudRepository<T, ID extends Serializable>
  extends Repository<T, ID> {

  //保存给定的实体
  <S extends T> S save(S entity);      

  //返回指定ID的实体
  Optional<T> findById(ID primaryKey); 

  //返回所有的实体
  Iterable<T> findAll();  

  //返回实体数量             
  long count();   

                     
  //删除
  void delete(T entity);   

             
  //查询是否存在某一个数据
  boolean existsById(ID primaryKey);   

  // … more functionality omitted.
}

 

最重要的是CrudRepository，有一个PagingAndSortingRepository抽象添加了额外的方法来简化对实体的分页访问

public interface PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID> extends CrudRepository<T, ID> {

	
    //排序
	Iterable<T> findAll(Sort sort);

    //分页加查询
	Page<T> findAll(Pageable pageable);
}

 

一般我们自己的jpa接口会继承 jpa，因为jpa既继承了page分页和 query查询的接口。

public interface JpaRepository<T, ID> extends PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>, QueryByExampleExecutor<T> {
    List<T> findAll();

    List<T> findAll(Sort var1);

    List<T> findAllById(Iterable<ID> var1);

    <S extends T> List<S> saveAll(Iterable<S> var1);

    void flush();

    <S extends T> S saveAndFlush(S var1);

    void deleteInBatch(Iterable<T> var1);

    void deleteAllInBatch();

    T getOne(ID var1);

    <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> var1);

    <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> var1, Sort var2);
}

 

 

jpa常用的关键词

关键词	样品	JPQL代码段
And	findByLastnameAndFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2
Or	findByLastnameOrFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2
Is,Equals	findByFirstname，findByFirstnameIs，findByFirstnameEquals	… where x.firstname = ?1
Between	findByStartDateBetween	… where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2
LessThan	findByAgeLessThan	… where x.age < ?1
LessThanEqual	findByAgeLessThanEqual	… where x.age <= ?1
GreaterThan	findByAgeGreaterThan	… where x.age > ?1
GreaterThanEqual	findByAgeGreaterThanEqual	… where x.age >= ?1
After	findByStartDateAfter	… where x.startDate > ?1
Before	findByStartDateBefore	… where x.startDate < ?1
IsNull	findByAgeIsNull	… where x.age is null
IsNotNull,NotNull	findByAge(Is)NotNull	… where x.age not null
Like	findByFirstnameLike	… where x.firstname like ?1
NotLike	findByFirstnameNotLike	… where x.firstname not like ?1
StartingWith	findByFirstnameStartingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1（附加参数绑定%）
EndingWith	findByFirstnameEndingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1（与前置绑定的参数%）
Containing	findByFirstnameContaining	… where x.firstname like ?1（包含参数绑定%）
OrderBy	findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc	… where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc
Not	findByLastnameNot	… where x.lastname <> ?1
In	findByAgeIn(Collection<Age> ages)	… where x.age in ?1
NotIn	findByAgeNotIn(Collection<Age> ages)	… where x.age not in ?1
True	findByActiveTrue()	… where x.active = true
False	findByActiveFalse()	… where x.active = false
IgnoreCase	findByFirstnameIgnoreCase	… where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1)

 

 

我们自定义hql语句

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {

  @Query("select u from User u where u.emailAddress = ?1")
  User findByEmailAddress(String emailAddress);
}

 我们自定义的原生sql语句

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {

  @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE EMAIL_ADDRESS = ?1", nativeQuery = true)
  User findByEmailAddress(String emailAddress);
}

 

占位符 ？用下标来

占位符 :name 用参数名来占位    用@Param(“name”) 来替换

 

增删改语句 必须用@Modifying注解

@Modifying
@Query("update User u set u.firstname = ?1 where u.lastname = ?2")
int setFixedFirstnameFor(String firstname, String lastname);

 

CrudRepository里有个findById该方法的返回值是一个Optional<T>，在Optional类中有个get()方法，返回的是当前对象

/**
 * Retrieves an entity by its id.
 *
 * @param id must not be {@literal null}.
 * @return the entity with the given id or {@literal Optional#empty()} if none found
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code id} is {@literal null}.
 */
Optional<T> findById(ID id);

 

JpaRepository里有个getOne()方法返回的是实体对象的代理对象（a reference）

如果不开启事务 会抛出org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session的异常

 

/**
 * Returns a reference to the entity with the given identifier. Depending on how the JPA persistence provider is
 * implemented this is very likely to always return an instance and throw an
 * {@link javax.persistence.EntityNotFoundException} on first access. Some of them will reject invalid identifiers
 * immediately.
 *
 * @param id must not be {@literal null}.
 * @return a reference to the entity with the given identifier.
 * @see EntityManager#getReference(Class, Object) for details on when an exception is thrown.
 */
T getOne(ID id);

 

QueryByExampleExecutor里有个findOne   查询不到数据会 throw new NoSuchElementException("No value present");

/**
	 * Returns a single entity matching the given {@link Example} or {@literal null} if none was found.
	 *
	 * @param example must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @return a single entity matching the given {@link Example} or {@link Optional#empty()} if none was found.
	 * @throws org.springframework.dao.IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException if the Example yields more than one result.
	 */
<S extends T> Optional<S> findOne(Example<S> example);

持续更新中。。。。

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