index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="./DataServlet">链接</a>
</body>
</html>
DataServlet
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class DataServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public DataServlet() {
System.out.println("DataServlet");
}
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("Service");
super.service(arg0, arg1);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("doGet");
response.sendRedirect("target.jsp");
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>service</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>DataServlet</display-name>
<servlet-name>DataServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.zzu.servlet.DataServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DataServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/DataServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
第一个过程:找到DataServlet
(1)我们在index.jsp中创建一个链接到DataServlet的标签,tomcat发布后在浏览器中点击链接,a标签默认为get请求,点击后创建一个get请求,然后tomcat服务器截取出地址“/DataServlet”。
(2)在web.xml中根据<url-pattern>/DataServlet</url-pattern>标签查找<servlet-name></servlet-name>根据该标签内容,找到对应servlet-name的<servlet> </servlet>标签,从<servlet> </servlet>标签内<servlet-class></servlet-class>找到对应Servlet路径,get请求传到该Servlet。
第二个过程:处理请求
get请求传到该Servlet之后,tomcat底层调用service()方法,在service方法中判断请求为get还是post,然后执行get或者post方法。
不管客户端发送请求的方式是Get还是POST,这个请求都由service方法来处理。在service方法的处理过程中,会根据客户端发送请求的方式不同,调用doGet和doPost方法分别进行处理,通过HttpServlet类中的service方法可以了解这一调用过程,如下代码:
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException, IOException {
String method = req.getMethod();
if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
if (lastModified == -1) {
doGet(req, resp);
} else {
long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified) {
maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
doGet(req, resp);
} else {
resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
}
}
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
doHead(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
doPost(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
doPut(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
doDelete(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
doOptions(req,resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
doTrace(req,resp);
} else {
String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
errArgs[0] = method;
errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
}
}
一些继承而来的方法
我们在DataServlet中重写init(),serivce(),destory(),方法来查看执行过程。
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class DataServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
String name;
public DataServlet() {
System.out.println("DataServlet");
}
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("Service");
super.service(arg0, arg1);
}
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
name=getInitParameter("name");
System.out.println(name+":在init()中实现");//
super.init();
}
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
name = config.getInitParameter("name");
System.out.println(name+":在init(config)中实现");
super.init(config);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("doGet");
response.sendRedirect("target.jsp");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("销毁");//tomcat正常关闭或者停止发布
super.destroy();
}
}
发布之后我们点击“链接”
在控制台得到这些输出,说明在请求传到Serclet之后,会自动创建Servlet对象并且首先执行init()方法,然后执行service方法,最后执行doGet或者doPost方法。
之后当我们停止tomcat运行时:
destroy()方法执行。