GUI Programming with Python: QT Edition-CSDN博客

GUI Programming with Python: QT Edition

GUI Programming with Python: QT Edition

Boudewijn Rempt

Copyright © 2001 by Commandprompt, Inc

Copyright (c) 2001 by Command Prompt, Inc. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).

‘Distribution of substantively modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.' to the license reference or copy.

‘Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder.' to the license reference or copy.

Although every reasonable effort has been made to incorporate accurate and useful information into this book, the copyright holders make no representation about the suitability of this book or the information therein for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without expressed or implied warranty.

Dedication

This book is dedicated to Irina.

Table of Contents Preface

Who is using PyQt For whom is this book intended How to read this book Conventions Acknowledgments

1. Introduction

Python GUI programming with Python About the BlackAdder IDE

I. Introduction to the BlackAdder IDE

2. Installation

Installing BlackAdder Installing sip and PyQt without BlackAdder

3. Interface

Menubar Toolbars Project management BlackAdder Configuration Editing Python shell Conclusion

4. Introduction to Python

Programming fundamentals The Rules Constructions Conclusion

5. Debugging

Running scripts Setting breakpoints Stepping along Debugging Techniques If all else fails

II. PyQt fundamentals

6. Qt Concepts

Python, Qt and PyQt As simple as they come A better Hello World Designing forms Conclusion

7. Signals and Slots in Depth

The concept of signals and slots Connecting with signals and slots Disconnecting A parser-formatter using signals and slots Conclusion

8. String Objects in Python and Qt

Introduction String conversions QCString — simple strings in PyQt Unicode strings

9. Python Objects and Qt Objects

Pointers and references Circular references Qt objects, Python objects and shadow objects References and ownership Other C++ objects Connecting signals and slots Object and class introspection

10. Qt Class Hierarchy

Hierarchy Base classes Application classes Widget foundations: QWidget Basic widgets Advanced widgets Layout managers Dialogs and Standard Dialogs Qt Utility classes and their Python equivalents

11. Qt Designer, BlackAdder and uic

Introduction Advanced Designer topics

III. Creating real applications with PyQt

12. Application Frameworks

Architecture: models, documents and views Macro languages Project layout

13. Actions: menus, toolbars and accelerators

Actions Menus Toolbars Keyboard accelerators Setting an application icon

14. Automatic testing with PyUnit

About unittests Starting out A first testcase Collecting tests in a test suite A more complicated test Large projects Testing signals and slots Conclusion

15. A More Complex Framework: Multiple Documents, Multiple Views

Introduction Document/View Manager The Document Manager Document View The actual application Conclusion

16. User Interface Paradigms

Tabbed documents Back to the MDI windows A row of split windows A stack of documents A more complex view management solution Conclusion

17. Creating Application Functionality

Introduction The view The document Saving and loading documents Undo, redo and other editing functions Conclusion

18. Application Configuration

Platform differences The Python way of handling configuration settings Implementing configurations settings for Kalam Settings in Qt 3.0 Conclusion

19. Using Dialog Windows

Modal: a preferences dialog Non-modal: Search and replace Conclusion

20. A Macro Language for Kalam

Executing Python code from Python Integrating macros with a GUI Creating a macro API from an application Conclusion

21. Drawing on Painters and Canvases

Working with painters and paint devices QCanvas Conclusion

22. Gui Design in the Baroque Age

Types of gui customization Faking it with bitmaps Creating themes with QStyle

23. Drag and drop

Handling drops Initiating drags Conclusion

24. Printing

The QPrinter class Adding printing to Kalam Putting ink to paper Conclusion

25. Internationalizing an Application

Translating screen texts

26. Delivering your Application

Introduction Packaging source Starting with distutils. Creating Unix RPM packages Windows installers Desktop integration

27. Envoi

IV. Appendices

A. Reading the Qt Documentation B. PyQwt: Python Bindings for Qwt

NumPy PyQwt

C. First Steps with Sip

Introduction How sip works Creating .sip files Things sip can't do automatically Where to look to start writing your own wrappers/bindings Sip usage and syntax Directives Accepted C++ / Qt constructs SIPLIB Functions

Bibliography Index

List of Tables 1-1. GUI Toolkits for Python 7-1. Matrix of QObject.connect() combinations. 10-1. Qt and Python high-level datastructures 10-2. Qt and Python network classes C-1. C++ access specifiers and sip C-2. Command line options C-3. Macros in Makefile Templates C-4. Flags in member function declaration C-1. Error flags in sipParseArgs() C-2. Format specifiers for sipParseArgs()

List of Figures 10-1. Qt Inheritance Hierarchy (only the most important classes) 10-2. Object Ownership Hierarchy 20-1. Playing with eval() 20-2. Playing with exec 20-3. Playing with execfile()

List of Examples 1-1. Bootstrapping a Python application 6-1. hello1.py — hello world 6-2. hello2.py — a better hello world 6-3. fragment from hello3.py 6-4. Fragment from hello5.py 6-5. Fragment from hello4.py 6-6. frmconnect.py 6-7. dlgconnect.py — the subclass of the generated form 7-1. A stupid button which is not reusable 7-2. A simple callback system 7-3. A central registry of connected widgets 7-4. Connecting a signal to a slot 7-5. Connection a dial to a label with signals and slots 7-6. Python signals and slots 7-7. Python signals and slots with arguments 7-8. datasource.py — connecting and disconnecting signals and slots 7-9. An XML parser with signals and slots 8-1. qstring1.py — conversion from QString to a Python string. 8-2. qstring2.py - second try of saving a QString to a file 8-3. empty.py - feeding zero bytes to a QCString 8-4. null.py - empty and null QCStrings and Python strings 8-5. emptyqstring.py - feeding zero bytes to a QString 8-6. Loading an utf-8 encoded text 8-7. Building a string from single Unicode characters 8-8. sitecustomize.py — saving a useful function from wanton destruction 8-9. uniqstring3.py - messing with Unicode strings using utf-8 as default encoding 8-10. uniqstring1.py - coercing Python strings into and from QStrings 8-11. uniqstring2.py - coercing Python strings into and from QStrings 9-1. refs.py - showing object references 9-2. circular.py - circululululular references 9-3. qtrefs1.py — about Qt reference counting 9-4. qtrefs2.py - keeping a Qt widget alive 9-5. qtrefs3.py - Qt parents and children 9-6. Eradicating a widget 9-7. children.py - getting the children from a single parent 9-8. Iterating over children 9-9. sigslot.py - a simple signals/slots implementation in Python, following the Observer pattern 9-10. Object introspection using Qt 9-11. Object introspection using Python 10-1. event1.py - handling mouse events in PyQt 10-2. action.py - Using a QAction to group data associated with user commands 10-3. fragment from mdi.py - ten little scribbling windows 10-4. event2.py - using QWidget to create a custom, double-buffered drawing widget. 10-5. snippet from event3.py - a peach puff drawing board 10-6. fragment from action2.py - You cannot create a QPixmap before a QApplication 10-7. buttons.py - Four pushbuttons saying ‘hello'. 10-8. label.py - a label associated with an edit control 10-9. radio.py - a group of mutually exclusive options 10-10. listbox.py - A listbox where data can be associated with an entry 10-11. tree.py - building a tree 10-12. layout.py - two box layouts and adding and removing buttons dynamically to a layout 10-13. geometry.py - setting the initial size of an application 10-14. dialogs.py - opening message and default dialogs boxes 10-15. fragment from dialogs.py - opening a file dialog 10-16. fragment from dialogs.py - opening a font dialog 10-17. fragment from dialogs.py - opening a color dialog 10-18. from dv_qt.py - using Qt utility classes 10-19. fragment from db_python.py - using Python utility classes 10-20. Using QMimeSourceFactory (application.py) 10-21. thread1.py — Python threads without gui 10-22. Python threads and a PyQt gui window 11-1. dlgcomplex.py — a subclass of frmcomplex.py 11-2. Setting default values 12-1. A simple document-view framework 12-2. Scripting an application is easy 13-1. Defining a complex toggle action 15-1. A testcase for a document manager 15-2. The document manager class 15-3. The document class 15-4. The view class 15-5. The application class 21-1. typometer.py - A silly type-o-meter that keeps a running count of how many characters are added to a certain document and shows a chart of the typerate... 21-2. charmap.py - a Unicode character selection widget 22-1. remote.py - remote control application 22-2. view.py - the main view of the remote control application 22-3. button.py - the class that implements the pixmapped buttons 22-4. A Qt 2 custom style - a minimalist implementation of the classic Mac style in PyQt. 22-5. Testing styles 23-1. Handling drop events 23-2. Drag and drop 25-1. Installing the translator 26-1. README 26-2. setup.py - a sample setup script 26-3. MANIFEST.in C-1. Interface for QRegExp::match