Http发送get、post、delete、put请求

Http发送get、post、delete、put请求

1、GET请求会向数据库发索取数据的请求，从而来获取信息，该请求就像数据库的select操作一样，只是用来查询一下数据，不会修改、增加数据，不会影响资源的内容，即该请求不会产生副作用。无论进行多少次操作，结果都是一样的。

2、与GET不同的是，PUT请求是向服务器端发送数据的，从而改变信息，该请求就像数据库的update操作一样，用来修改数据的内容，但是不会增加数据的种类等，也就是说无论进行多少次PUT操作，其结果并没有不同。

3、POST请求同PUT请求类似，都是向服务器端发送数据的，但是该请求会改变数据的种类等资源，就像数据库的insert操作一样，会创建新的内容。几乎目前所有的提交操作都是用POST请求的。

4、DELETE请求顾名思义，就是用来删除某一个资源的，该请求就像数据库的delete操作。

package com.ruoyi.common.tool;


import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author wjw
 */
public class HttpURLConnectionUtil {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpURLConnectionUtil.class);
    /**
     * 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求
     *
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return URL 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param) {
        String result = "";
        BufferedReader in = null;
        try {
            String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            // 建立实际的连接
            connection.connect();
            // 获取所有响应头字段
            Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();
            // 遍历所有的响应头字段
            for (String key : map.keySet()) {
                System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));
            }
            // 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    connection.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 使用finally块来关闭输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
     *
     * @param url
     *            发送请求的 URL
     * @param param
     *            请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendPost(String url, String param,String token) {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
            if(token!=null){
                conn.setRequestProperty("Authorization",token);
            }
            // 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            // 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            // 发送请求参数
            out.print(param);
            // flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！"+e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
        finally{
            try{
                if(out!=null){
                    out.close();
                }
                if(in!=null){
                    in.close();
                }
            }
            catch(IOException ex){
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * delete请求
     * @param data
     * @param url
     * @param token
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String sendDelete(String data, String url, String token) throws IOException {
        logger.info("请求参数:{}", data);
        logger.info("请求url:{}", url);
        CloseableHttpClient client = null;
        HttpDeleteWithBody httpDelete = null;
        String result = null;
        try {
            client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            httpDelete = new HttpDeleteWithBody(url);

            httpDelete.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
            httpDelete.setHeader("Accept", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
            httpDelete.setHeader("Authorization", token);
            httpDelete.setEntity(new StringEntity(data));
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpDelete);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
            logger.info("请求结果:{}", result);
            if (200 == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
                logger.info("DELETE方式请求远程调用成功.msg={}", result);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("DELETE方式请求远程调用失败,errorMsg={}", e.getMessage());
        } finally {
            client.close();
        }
        return result;

    }

    /**
     * put请求
     * @param urlPath
     * @param data
     * @param token
     * @return
     */
    public static String sendPut(String data, String urlPath, String token) {
        logger.info("请求参数:{}", data);
        logger.info("请求url:{}", urlPath);
        String result = null;
        URL url = null;
        HttpURLConnection httpurlconnection = null;
        try {
            url = new URL(urlPath);
            httpurlconnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            httpurlconnection.setDoInput(true);
            httpurlconnection.setDoOutput(true);

            // 设置通用的请求属性
            httpurlconnection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            httpurlconnection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            httpurlconnection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            httpurlconnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
            if (token != null) {
                httpurlconnection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", token);
            }

            httpurlconnection.setRequestMethod("PUT");
            httpurlconnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(data)) {
                httpurlconnection.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            }
            httpurlconnection.getOutputStream().flush();
            httpurlconnection.getOutputStream().close();
            int code = httpurlconnection.getResponseCode();

            if (code == 200) {
                DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(httpurlconnection.getInputStream());
                int len = in.available();
                byte[] by = new byte[len];
                in.readFully(by);
                result = new String(by, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
                logger.info("请求结果:{}", result);
                in.close();
            } else {
                logger.error("请求地址：" + urlPath + "返回状态异常，异常号为：" + code);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("访问url地址：" + urlPath + "发生异常", e);
        } finally {
            url = null;
            if (httpurlconnection != null) {
                httpurlconnection.disconnect();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //发送 GET 请求
        /*String s=HttpURLConnectionUtil.sendGet("http://localhost:6144/Home/RequestString", "key=123&v=456");
        System.out.println(s);*/

        //发送 POST 请求  http://61.55.158.220:54778/handle-paas-api/login/v1
        String param="{\n" +
                "\"username\":\"nuode@nuodwl\",\n" +
                "\"password\":\"3e856379df63de7c19be0f6580f9726c4ad5905303f9779f9be984d5eae207ee\",\n" +
                "\"developUsername\":\"hljjcsundi\",\n" +
                "\"developPassword\":\"6493f5041ed91a81e0e629d0770e4bed6a5c90f58e50682ffaf17333280f37ff\"\n" +
                "}";
        String sr=HttpURLConnectionUtil.sendPost("http://61.55.158.220:54778/handle-paas-api/login/v1", param,null);
        System.out.println(sr);
        JSONObject result = (JSONObject) JSONObject.parse(sr);
        JSONObject data =(JSONObject) result.get("data");
        String token = data.get("token").toString();

        System.out.println(token);
    }
}

HttpDelete的方法中本身并没有setEntity方法，所以需要自定义一个HttpDeleteWithBody类

package com.ruoyi.common.tool;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase;

import java.net.URI;

/**
 * @author wjw
 */
public class HttpDeleteWithBody extends HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase {
	public static final String METHOD_NAME = "DELETE";

	@Override
	public String getMethod(){
		return METHOD_NAME;
	}

	public HttpDeleteWithBody(final String uri){
		super();
		setURI(URI.create(uri));
	}

	public HttpDeleteWithBody(final URI uri){
		super();
		setURI(uri);
	}

	public HttpDeleteWithBody(){
		super();
	}

}

需要引入的包如下:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
            <version>4.4.1</version>
        </dependency>