C++ boost::interprocess::shared_memory_object 分析详解

关于C++ 使用boost库，创建进程间的共享内存，是一种常见的方式，需要注意的就是读写之间的的时间同步

1. boost::interprocess::shared_memory_object 类

// In header: <boost/interprocess/shared_memory_object.hpp>


class shared_memory_object {
public:
  // construct/copy/destruct
  shared_memory_object();
  shared_memory_object(create_only_t, const char *, mode_t, 
                       const permissions & = permissions());
  shared_memory_object(open_or_create_t, const char *, mode_t, 
                       const permissions & = permissions());
  shared_memory_object(open_only_t, const char *, mode_t);
  shared_memory_object(shared_memory_object &&);
  shared_memory_object & operator=(shared_memory_object &&);
  ~shared_memory_object();

  // public member functions
  void swap(shared_memory_object &);
  void truncate(offset_t);
  const char * get_name() const;
  bool get_size(offset_t &) const;
  mode_t get_mode() const;
  mapping_handle_t get_mapping_handle() const;

  // public static functions
  static bool remove(const char *);
};

https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_70_0/doc/html/boost/interprocess/shared_memory_object.html

 

2. share momory创建模板

https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_70_0/doc/html/interprocess/sharedmemorybetweenprocesses.html

#include <boost/interprocess/shared_memory_object.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/mapped_region.hpp>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   using namespace boost::interprocess;

   if(argc == 1){  //Parent process
      //Remove shared memory on construction and destruction
      struct shm_remove
      {
         shm_remove() { shared_memory_object::remove("MySharedMemory"); }
         ~shm_remove(){ shared_memory_object::remove("MySharedMemory"); }
      } remover;

      //Create a shared memory object.
      shared_memory_object shm (create_only, "MySharedMemory", read_write);

      //Set size
      shm.truncate(1000);

      //Map the whole shared memory in this process
      mapped_region region(shm, read_write);

      //Write all the memory to 1
      std::memset(region.get_address(), 1, region.get_size());

      //Launch child process
      std::string s(argv[0]); s += " child ";
      if(0 != std::system(s.c_str()))
         return 1;
   }
   else{
      //Open already created shared memory object.
      shared_memory_object shm (open_only, "MySharedMemory", read_only);

      //Map the whole shared memory in this process
      mapped_region region(shm, read_only);

      //Check that memory was initialized to 1
      char *mem = static_cast<char*>(region.get_address());
      for(std::size_t i = 0; i < region.get_size(); ++i)
         if(*mem++ != 1)
            return 1;   //Error checking memory
   }
   return 0;
}

 

3. Mapping File's Contents In Memory

#include <boost/interprocess/file_mapping.hpp>
#include <boost/interprocess/mapped_region.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdlib>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   using namespace boost::interprocess;

   //Define file names
   const char *FileName  = "file.bin";
   const std::size_t FileSize = 10000;

   if(argc == 1){ //Parent process executes this
      {  //Create a file
         file_mapping::remove(FileName);
         std::filebuf fbuf;
         fbuf.open(FileName, std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::out
                              | std::ios_base::trunc | std::ios_base::binary);
         //Set the size
         fbuf.pubseekoff(FileSize-1, std::ios_base::beg);
         fbuf.sputc(0);
      }

      //Remove on exit
      struct file_remove
      {
         file_remove(const char *FileName)
            : FileName_(FileName) {}
         ~file_remove(){ file_mapping::remove(FileName_); }
         const char *FileName_;
      } remover(FileName);

      //Create a file mapping
      file_mapping m_file(FileName, read_write);

      //Map the whole file with read-write permissions in this process
      mapped_region region(m_file, read_write);

      //Get the address of the mapped region
      void * addr       = region.get_address();
      std::size_t size  = region.get_size();

      //Write all the memory to 1
      std::memset(addr, 1, size);

      //Launch child process
      std::string s(argv[0]); s += " child ";
      if(0 != std::system(s.c_str()))
         return 1;
   }
   else{  //Child process executes this
      {  //Open the file mapping and map it as read-only
         file_mapping m_file(FileName, read_only);

         mapped_region region(m_file, read_only);

         //Get the address of the mapped region
         void * addr       = region.get_address();
         std::size_t size  = region.get_size();

         //Check that memory was initialized to 1
         const char *mem = static_cast<char*>(addr);
         for(std::size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
            if(*mem++ != 1)
               return 1;   //Error checking memory
      }
      {  //Now test it reading the file
         std::filebuf fbuf;
         fbuf.open(FileName, std::ios_base::in | std::ios_base::binary);

         //Read it to memory
         std::vector<char> vect(FileSize, 0);
         fbuf.sgetn(&vect[0], std::streamsize(vect.size()));

         //Check that memory was initialized to 1
         const char *mem = static_cast<char*>(&vect[0]);
         for(std::size_t i = 0; i < FileSize; ++i)
            if(*mem++ != 1)
               return 1;   //Error checking memory
      }
   }

   return 0;
}