HttpClient 4.5使用(一)

一开始上手就用4.5有的不大习惯，看到的教程和分享都是4.5之前的，这个纪录主要是把掉过的坑都记住。

1.HttpGet返回网页信息

package cn.limbo.grabdata.test;


import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Created by Limbo on 16/7/28.
 */
public class TestHttpClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //4.x版本貌似HttpClient就成了一个接口了
        //现在都用这个来创建客户端连接,相当于打开了一个浏览器
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //以前的名字叫做GetMethod,现在改名为HttpGet
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");

        //返回请求信息
        System.out.println("Executing request" + httpGet.getRequestLine());

        //创建一个返回信息的对象
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            try {
                System.out.println("-------------------");
                //打印返回状态
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());

                //实体
                HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();

                if (httpEntity != null) {
                    InputStream inputStream = httpEntity.getContent();

                    try {
                        inputStream.read();
                    } catch (IOException ex) {
                        throw ex;
                    } finally {
                        inputStream.close();
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                response.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

2.HttpGet

package cn.limbo.grabdata.test;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Limbo on 16/7/29.
 */
public class TestPost {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

        try {
            //一定要加上http否则会报 Target host is not specified
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");

            //设置HttpPost的传参数
            List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
            params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("post", "I will post"));

            //由于JDK7出现,HTTP中的很多编码被标识成了过期,使用StandardCharsets里面的预定义的东西
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);

            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            System.out.println("statusCode : " + statusCode);

            String responseStr = null;
            HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
            if (httpEntity != null) {
                responseStr = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            }
            System.out.println("respStr = " + responseStr);
            //释放资源
            EntityUtils.consume(httpEntity);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }


}

3.补充

1.需要向服务器发送请求，我们需要一个org.apache.http.client.HttpClient的实例对象，一般使用的都是org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient，创建该对象的最简单方法是CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();,HttpClients是负责创建CloseableHttpClient的工厂，现在我们用最简单的方法就是使用默认配置去创建实例，后面我们再讨论有参数定制需求的实例创建方法。我们可以通过打断点的方式看到这个默认的实例对象的连接管理器 ： org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager、请求配置 ： org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig等配置的默认参数，这些都是后面需要了解的。

2.构造请求方法HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);表示我们希望用那种交互方法与服务器交互，HttpClient为每种交互方法都提供了一个类：HttpGet,
HttpHead, HttpPost, HttpPut, HttpDelete, HttpTrace, 还有 HttpOptions。

3.向服务器提交请求CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);，很明显`CloseableHttpResponse就是用了处理返回数据的实体，通过它我们可以拿到返回的状态码、返回实体等等我们需要的东西。

4.EntityUtils是官方提供一个处理返回实体的工具类，toString方法负责将返回实体装换为字符串，官方是不太建议使用这个类的，除非返回数据的服务器绝对可信和返回的内容长度是有限的。官方建议是自己使用HttpEntity#getContent()或者HttpEntity#writeTo(OutputStream)，需要提醒的是记得关闭底层资源。

5.EntityUtils.consume(entity);负责释放资源，通过源码可知，是需要把底层的流关闭：

InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
if (instream != null) {
    instream.close();
}