注意这里的SSH指的是Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate环境,这里使用的版本均为4.x版本
1.引入jar包
下载Spring4和Hibernate4的jar包如下图所示:
先放上我的整体工程的目录:
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20161121155002845)
2.编写配置文件
1.编写web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>SSH</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 配置Spring IOC 容器 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 配置SpringMVC 的 DispatcherServlet 控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet的一个初始化参数:配置SpringMVC配置文件的位置名称 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 配置编码方式过滤器,注意一点:要配置在所有过滤器的前面 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 为了使用SpringMVC框架实现REST风格,需要配置 HiddenHttpMethodFilter-->
<filter>
<filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--hibernate对对象的管理是基于session的,如果开启了延迟加载,
对于关联对象的查询可能会在渲染jsp的时候才发生,但是这个时候hibernate的当前session默认已经关闭了,
就会抛异常,所以我们经常需要hibernate在渲染jsp页面的时候还开着session,
这就需要在web.xml中配置一个拦截所有请求的filter-->
<filter>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
2.编写spring的applicationContext.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.limbo"/>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<!-- 配置DataSource -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 配置数据源属性 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- 配置扫描的实体包(pojo) -->
<property name="namingStrategy">
<bean class="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy"/>
</property>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.limbo.entity"/>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置Hibernate 的事物管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>
3.编写springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.limbo"/>
<!-- 配置视图解析器:如何把handler方法返回值解析为实际的物理视图 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/>
<!--<property name="prefix" value="/view/" />-->
<!--<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />-->
<!--</bean>-->
<!-- 配置静态资源:default-servlet-handler将在SpringMVC上下文中定义DefaultServletHttpRequestHandler,
它会对进入DispatcherServlet的请求进行筛选,如果发现是没有经过映射的请求,就将该请求交由WEB应用服务器默认的 Servlet处理。如果不是静态资源的请求,才由DispatcherServlet继续处理。 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
4.数据库配置文件 db.properties:
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring_hibernate
5.日志输出配置log4j.properties
### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### direct messages to file hibernate.log ###
#log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
#log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log
#log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
log4j.rootLogger=warn, stdout
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=debug
log4j.logger.cn.limbo=debug
3.编写测试类
到第二步为止,基本的框架是搭建起来了,下面就是使用了
上面的项目结构也看出了我使用的是一般的dao设计模式
4.User.java
package cn.limbo.entity;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.
*/
@Entity(name = "user")
@Table(name = "user")
public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer userId;
private String userName;
private Integer userAge;
private String userAddress;
public User() {
}
public User(String userName, Integer userAge, String userAddress) {
this.userName = userName;
this.userAge = userAge;
this.userAddress = userAddress;
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
@Column(name = "user_id", nullable = false)
public Integer getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
@Column(name = "user_name", nullable = false)
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
@Column(name = "user_age", nullable = false)
public Integer getUserAge() {
return userAge;
}
public void setUserAge(Integer userAge) {
this.userAge = userAge;
}
@Column(name = "user_address", nullable = false)
public String getUserAddress() {
return userAddress;
}
public void setUserAddress(String userAddress) {
this.userAddress = userAddress;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"userId=" + userId +
", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
", userAge=" + userAge +
", userAddress='" + userAddress + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
UserDao.java
package cn.limbo.dao;
import cn.limbo.entity.User;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.
*/
public interface UserDao {
public void save(User user);
public List<User> findAll();
}
UserDaoImpl.java
package cn.limbo.dao.impl;
import cn.limbo.dao.UserDao;
import cn.limbo.entity.User;
import org.hibernate.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.
*/
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Autowired
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
@Override
public void save(User user) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);
}
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
//Criteria较hq语句显得更加面向对象,但是没有hql语句的适用面广
Criteria criteria = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createCriteria(User.class);
return criteria.list();
}
}
UserService.java
package cn.limbo.service;
import cn.limbo.entity.User;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.
*/
public interface UserService {
public void save(User user);
public List<User> getAllUsers();
}
UserServiceImpl.java
package cn.limbo.service.impl;
import cn.limbo.dao.UserDao;
import cn.limbo.entity.User;
import cn.limbo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.
*/
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void save(User user) {
userDao.save(user);
}
@Override
public List<User> getAllUsers() {
return userDao.findAll();
}
}
UserController.java
package cn.limbo.controller;
import cn.limbo.entity.User;
import cn.limbo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by limbo on 2016/11/8.
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/showUsers.do")
public String showUsers(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("list",userService.getAllUsers());
return "/index.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("/addUser.do")
public String addUser(HttpServletRequest request){
String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
Integer userAge = Integer.valueOf(request.getParameter("userAge"));
String userAddress = request.getParameter("userAddress");
User user = new User(userName,userAge,userAddress);
userService.save(user);
return "showUsers.do";
}
}
index.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: limbo
Date: 2016/11/8
Time: 下午4:18
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>id</td>
<td>姓名</td>
<td>年龄</td>
<td>地址</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${requestScope.list}" var="user">
<tr>
<td>${user.userId}</td>
<td>${user.userName}</td>
<td>${user.userAge}</td>
<td>${user.userAddress}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<a href="addUser.jsp">添加</a>
</body>
</html>
addUser.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: limbo
Date: 2016/11/8
Time: 下午9:41
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="user/addUser.do" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="userName" /><br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="userAge" /><br>
地址:<input type="text" name="userAddress" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="OK" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
ok,接下来只要开启服务器跑就好了。
4.总结
搭建项目的时候绕了不少的弯路,受到了一些阻碍,好在在万能的谷歌下我独自完成了项目的搭建,分享一下我遇到的问题和我的心得吧。1.XML头的问题:
这个问题很坑,真的。如果你要使用类似于mvc,context等命名空间的话,一定要正确的引入这些东西,还有就是在xsi:schemaLocation里面指定好xsd文件的位置,XML文件的文档标识有dtd和xsd两种,后者是前者的替代,关于两者的区别联系就不再赘述。对了,如果报错提示‘xx通配符的匹配很全面 但无法找到元素’,绝对是你XML文件头的问题
2.Spring和Hibernate的配置文件问题:
a).spring配置与hibernate相关的bean的时候记得一定要是和hibernate4有关的类,不过具体看你用的hibernate的版本,如果是3就用3,5就用5,我知道我讲到这里肯定有人看的懵逼,就像这样的org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean看到了中间的4了吗?就是这个意思
b).hibernate自动创建表的问题,我刚刚搭建完的时候发现表不存在,我明明给hibernate创建表的那个配置上写的是update啊,找了一圈发现问题出在这里
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>因为我用的MySQL版本是5.x版本,所以要配置的是那个带5的。
3.心得:
OK,到这里就都好了,我配置的时候遇到的问题不多,项目还有很大的改进空间,比如使用Gradle来管理项目啊,引入Spring Security框架来做权限控制啊什么的,我搭了两遍才成功。写到后来发现,只要吧XML配置文件写清楚了就好了,写下来发现自己对整体流程还有XML的文件结构有了更加深刻的了解,接下来我想试着看看Spring的源码,了解一下所谓最棒的Java开源项目代码,也满足以下我的好奇心吧
附上源工程
http://download.csdn.net/detail/a1610770854/9688924