Spring框架复习3

1.配置bean有哪两种方式：

1.基于XML文件的方式
2.基于注解的方式
1)基于注解配置Bean
2)基于注解来装配Bean的属性

2.什么叫组件扫描？特定组件包括哪些？

1.Spring 能够从 classpath 下自动扫描, 侦测和实例化具有特定注解的组件。
2.
1)@Component: 基本注解, 标识了一个受 Spring 管理的组件
2)@Respository: 标识持久层组件
3)@Service: 标识服务层(业务层)组件
4)@Controller: 标识表现层组件

3.请回忆如何实现？

1.配置包文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

2.配置组件

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class TestObject {
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository;
public interface UserRepository {
 void save();
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository("userRepository")
public class UserRepositoryImpl implements UserRepository{
 @Override
 public void save() {
  System.out.println("UserRepository Save...");
 }
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@Controller
public class UserController {
 public void execute() {
  System.out.println("UserContriller execute...");
 }
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserService {
 public void add() {
  System.out.println("UserService add...");
 }
}

测试代码：

public class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-annotation.xml");
  TestObject to=(TestObject)ctx.getBean("testObject");
  System.out.println(to);
  UserController userController=(UserController)ctx.getBean("userController");
  System.out.println(userController);
  UserService userService=(UserService)ctx.getBean("userService");
  System.out.println(userService);
  UserRepository userRepository=(UserRepository) ctx.getBean("userRepository");
  System.out.println(userRepository); 
 }
}

运行结果：
com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.TestObject@61d6015a
com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.controller.UserController@2525ff7e
com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.service.UserService@524d6d96
com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepositoryImpl@152aa092

4.对于扫描到的组件, Spring 有默认的命名策略: 使用非限定类名, 第一个字母小写. 也可以在注解中通过 value 属性值标识组件的名称

5.读取某个限定的包下的子类

<context:component-scan 
  base-package="com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation"
  resource-pattern="repository/*.class">
</context:component-scan>

6.将某个组件排除在外？

<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation">
 <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository"/> 
</context:component-scan>

备注：context:exclude-filter 子节点表示要排除在外的目标类

7.只包含某一个组件

<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation" use-default-filters="false">
 <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository"/>
</context:component-scan>

8.只把某个接口包含进来

<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation" use-default-filters="false">
 <context:include-filter type="assignable" expression="com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepository"/>
</context:component-scan>

9.除去某个接口

<context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation">
 <context:exclude-filter type="assignable" expression="com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepository"/>
</context:component-scan>

10.如何使用bean注解来建立引用关系

1.使用 @Autowired 自动装配 Bean
代码详例：

public class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-annotation.xml");
  UserController userController=(UserController)ctx.getBean("userController");
  System.out.println(userController);
  userController.execute();
 }
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.service.UserService;
@Controller
public class UserController {
 @Autowired
 private UserService userService;
 public void execute() {
  System.out.println("UserContriller execute...");
  userService.add();
 }
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepository;
import com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepositoryImpl;
@Service
public class UserService {
 @Autowired
 private UserRepository userRepository;
 public void add() {
  System.out.println("UserService add...");
  userRepository.save();
 }
 /*
 @Autowired
 public void setUserRepository(UserRepository userRepository) {
  this.userRepository = userRepository;
 }
 */
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository;
public interface UserRepository {
 void save();
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository("userRepository")
public class UserRepositoryImpl implements UserRepository{
 @Override
 public void save() {
  System.out.println("UserRepository Save...");
 }
}

总结：构造器, 普通字段(即使是非 public), 一切具有参数的方法都可以应用@Authwired 注解

11.默认情况下, 所有使用 @Authwired 注解的属性都需要被设置. 当 Spring 找不到匹配的 Bean 装配属性时, 会抛出异常, 若某一属性允许不被设置, 可以设置 @Authwired 注解的 required 属性为 false

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.TestObject;
@Repository("userRepository")
public class UserRepositoryImpl implements UserRepository{
 @Autowired(required=false)
 private TestObject testObject;
 @Override
 public void save() {
  System.out.println("UserRepository Save...");
  System.out.println(testObject);
 }
}

12.默认情况下, 当 IOC 容器里存在多个类型兼容的 Bean 时, 通过类型的自动装配将无法工作.此时问题该如何解决？

1.使用@Repository(“userRepository”)中的userRepository和UserService中调用的setUserRepository相互一致

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepository;
import com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepositoryImpl;
@Service
public class UserService {
 private UserRepository userRepository;
 public void add() {
  System.out.println("UserService add...");
  userRepository.save();
 }
 public UserRepository getUserRepository() {
  return userRepository;
 }
 @Autowired
 public void setUserRepository(UserRepository userRepository) {
  this.userRepository = userRepository;
 }
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository("userRepository")
public class UserJdbcRepository implements UserRepository{
 @Override
 public void save() {
  System.out.println("UserJdbcRepository Save...");  
 }
}

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository;
public interface UserRepository {
 void save();
}

测试代码：

public class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-annotation.xml");
  UserController userController=(UserController)ctx.getBean("userController");
  System.out.println(userController);
  userController.execute(); 
 }
}

测试结果：

com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.controller.UserController@49dc7102
UserContriller execute...
UserService add...
UserJdbcRepository Save...

2.也可以使用@Qualifiter装配

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepository;
import com.atguigu.spring.beans.annotation.repository.UserRepositoryImpl;
@Service
public class UserService {
 @Autowired
 @Qualifier("userRepositoryImpl")
 private UserRepository userRepository;
 /*
 @Autowired
 @Qualifier("userRepositoryImpl")
 public void setUserRepository(UserRepository userRepository){
  this.userRepository=userRepository;
 }
 */
 /*
 @Autowired
 public void setUserRepository(@Qualifier("userRepositoryImpl")UserRepository userRepository){
 this.userRepository=userRepository;
 }
 */
 public void add() {
  System.out.println("UserService add...");
  userRepository.save();
 }
 public UserRepository getUserRepository() {
  return userRepository;
 }
}

@Authwired 注解也可以应用在数组类型的属性上, 此时 Spring 将会把所有匹配的 Bean 进行自动装配.
@Authwired 注解也可以应用在集合属性上, 此时 Spring 读取该集合的类型信息, 然后自动装配所有与之兼容的 Bean.
@Authwired 注解用在 java.util.Map 上时, 若该 Map 的键值为 String, 那么 Spring 将自动装配与之 Map 值类型兼容的 Bean, 此时 Bean 的名称作为键值
Spring 还支持 @Resource 和 @Inject 注解，这两个注解和 @Autowired 注解的功用类似
@Inject 和 @Autowired 注解一样也是按类型匹配注入的 Bean， 但没有 reqired 属性
建议使用 @Autowired 注解

13.什么叫泛型依赖注入

示例：

public class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-generic-di.xml");
  UserService userService=(UserService)ctx.getBean("userService");
  userService.add();
 }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.atguigu.spring.beans.generic.di"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

package com.atguigu.spring.beans.generic.di;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserService extends BaseService<User>{
}

public class BaseService<T> {
 @Autowired
 protected BaseRepository<T> repository;
 public void add() {
  System.out.println("add...");
  System.out.println(repository);
 }
}

public class BaseRepository<T> {
 }

public class User{
}

@Repository
public class UserRepository extends BaseRepository<User>{
}