泛型模板

泛型模板

#ifndef INC_02_SELECTION_SORT_USING_TEMPLATE_STUDENT_H
#define INC_02_SELECTION_SORT_USING_TEMPLATE_STUDENT_H

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;


struct Student {

    string name;
    int score;

    // 重载小于运算法,定义Student之间的比较方式
    // 如果分数相等，则按照名字的字母序排序
    // 如果分数不等，则分数高的靠前
    bool operator<(const Student& otherStudent) {
        return score != otherStudent.score ?
            score > otherStudent.score : name < otherStudent.name; //三目运算提高自主性
    }

    // 重载<<符号, 定义Student实例的打印输出方式
    // 友元函数
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Student& student) {

        os << "Student: " << student.name << " " << student.score << endl;
        return os;
    }
};

#endif //INC_02_SELECTION_SORT_USING_TEMPLATE_STUDENT_H

应用

#include <iostream>
#include "Student.h"

using namespace std;

template<typename T>
void selectionSort(T arr[], int n){

    for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++){

        int minIndex = i;
        for( int j = i + 1 ; j < n ; j ++ )
            if( arr[j] < arr[minIndex] )
                minIndex = j;

        swap( arr[i] , arr[minIndex] );
    }
}

int main() {

    // 测试模板函数，传入整型数组
    int a[10] = {10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1};
    selectionSort( a , 10 );
    for( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
        cout<<a[i]<<" ";
    cout<<endl;

    // 测试模板函数，传入浮点数数组
    float b[4] = {4.4,3.3,2.2,1.1};
    selectionSort(b,4);
    for( int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++ )
        cout<<b[i]<<" ";
    cout<<endl;

    // 测试模板函数，传入字符串数组
    string c[4] = {"D","C","B","A"};
    selectionSort(c,4);
    for( int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++ )
        cout<<c[i]<<" ";
    cout<<endl;

    // 测试模板函数，传入自定义结构体Student数组
    Student d[4] = { {"D",90} , {"C",100} , {"B",95} , {"A",95} };
    selectionSort(d,4);
    for( int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++ )
        cout<<d[i];
    cout<<endl;

    return 0;
}