二、通过反射获取运行时类的属性

测试类：

package com.liaoxiang.java1;

@MyAnnotation(value="rose")
public class Person extends Creature<String> implements Comparable,MyInterface{
    public String name;
    private Integer age;
    int id;
	//省略getter、settter
    public Person() {
        System.out.println("调用了Person的空参构造器");
    }
    public Person(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    private Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", id=" + id +
                '}';
    }
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Object o) {
        return 0;
    }
    @MyAnnotation(value = "jack")
    public void show(){
        System.out.println("我是一个人！");
    }
    private Integer display(String nation, Integer i) throws Exception{
        System.out.println("我的国籍是："+ nation);
        return i;
    }
    public static void info(){
        System.out.println("静态方法：我是一个中国人");
    }
    // 内部类
    class Bird{}
}

父类：

public class Creature<T> {
    public double weight;
    public void breath(){
        System.out.println("呼吸！");
    }
}

	/**
     * 获取Person运行时类的属性
     *          getFields(): 只能获取到运行时类中及其父类中声明为public的属性
     *  getDeclaredFields(): 获取运行时类本身所声明的所有属性
     */
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Class<Person> personClass = Person.class;
        Field[] fields = personClass.getFields();
        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(fields[i]);
        }
        System.out.println("-----------------");
        Field[] fields1 = personClass.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields1) {
            System.out.println(field.getName());
        }
    }
    输出：
    public java.lang.String com.liaoxiang.java1.Person.name
	public double com.liaoxiang.java1.Creature.weight
	-----------------
	name
	age
	id

	/**
     * 获取属性的各个部分的内容（修饰符 类型）
     */
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        Class<Person> personClass = Person.class;
        Field[] fields1 = personClass.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields1) {
            // 1、获取每个属性的权限修饰符
            int i = field.getModifiers();
            String string = Modifier.toString(i);
            System.out.print(string+" ");
            // 2、获取属性的变量类型
            Class<?> type = field.getType();
            System.out.print(type.getName()+" ");
            // 3、获取属性名
            System.out.println(field.getName());
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    输出：
    public java.lang.String name
	private java.lang.Integer age
 	int id

	/**
     * 调用运行时类中指定的属性,掌握
     */
    @Test
    public void test3() throws Exception {
        Class<Person> personClass = Person.class;

        Field name = personClass.getField("name");
        Person person = personClass.newInstance();
        System.out.println(person);
        name.set(person,"jack");
        System.out.println(person);

        Field age = personClass.getDeclaredField("age");
        age.setAccessible(true);
        age.set(person,24);
        System.out.println(person);

        Field id = personClass.getDeclaredField("id");
        id.set(person,1001);
        System.out.println(person);
    }
    输出：
    调用了Person的空参构造器
	Person{name='null', age=null, id=0}
	Person{name='jack', age=null, id=0}
	Person{name='jack', age=24, id=0}
	Person{name='jack', age=24, id=1001}