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问题
对于fss2,fss10,fss1,fss11,fss02排序,如果想对数字识别大小排序,传统排序是字典排序,不能达到目标,如下表:
散列 | 字典排序 | 目标排序 |
fss2 | fss1 | fss1 |
fss10 | fss02 | fss2 |
fss1 | fss10 | fss02 |
fss11 | fss11 | fss10 |
fss02 | fss2 | fss11 |
我们对字符串比较是对数字进行识别,数字就按数值大小排列。
1、假设比较单元,非数字字符就是一个比较单元;连续数字是一个比较单元。
2、数字前字符串连续相同。
3、数值相等但有前缀0若干个的,设定多的为大,升序排列靠下。
4、数字主要针对整数,可无限大,小数其实就是3个比较单元:数字、点、数字。
C源码
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <tchar.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <locale.h>
- #ifdef _UNICODE
- #define LogicCompare LogicCompareW
- #define findDigitEnd findDigitEndW
- #else
- #define LogicCompare LogicCompareA
- #define findDigitEnd findDigitEndA
- #endif
- int LogicCompareW(wchar_t *psza, wchar_t *pszb);
- int LogicCompareA(char *psza, char *pszb);
- wchar_t * findDigitEnd(wchar_t **pszBuffer);
- char * findDigitEnd(char **pszBuffer);
- //unsigned....return the none-zero poniter or null-end and if find '0', it will move the input pointer.
- wchar_t * findDigitEndW(wchar_t **pszBuffer)
- {
- wchar_t *pszEnd = *pszBuffer;
- bool hasFirstZero = *pszEnd == _T('0');
- while (*pszEnd)
- {
- //high case firstly!
- if (*pszEnd < _T('0') || *pszEnd > _T('9'))
- {
- break;
- }
- else if (hasFirstZero && _T('0') == *pszEnd)
- {
- (*pszBuffer)++;
- }
- pszEnd++;
- }
- return pszEnd;
- }
- char * findDigitEndA(char **pszBuffer)
- {
- char *pszEnd = *pszBuffer;
- bool hasFirstZero = *pszEnd == _T('0');
- while (*pszEnd)
- {
- //high case firstly!
- if (*pszEnd < _T('0') || *pszEnd > _T('9'))
- {
- break;
- }
- else if (hasFirstZero && _T('0') == *pszEnd)
- {
- (*pszBuffer)++;
- }
- pszEnd++;
- }
- return pszEnd;
- }
- //fang0001san022san: a alpha(f,a,...) is a compared unit, but a number(0001,022) will be condsided as one too.
- int LogicCompareW(wchar_t *psza, wchar_t *pszb){
- wchar_t *paCur = psza, *pbCur = pszb;
- if (psza != NULL && NULL != pszb)
- {
- wchar_t *paDigitEnd, *pbDigitEnd;
- wchar_t *paNonZero, *pbNonZero;
- while (*paCur && *paCur){
- paNonZero = paCur;
- pbNonZero = pbCur;
- //allow for: 0 ... 0 1 2...
- // paCur paNonZero
- paDigitEnd = findDigitEndW(&paNonZero);
- pbDigitEnd = findDigitEndW(&pbNonZero);
- //compare by number
- if (paDigitEnd > paCur && pbDigitEnd > pbCur)
- {
- int aDigitLength = paDigitEnd - paNonZero;
- int bDigitLength = pbDigitEnd - pbNonZero;
- //compare by digit
- if (aDigitLength != bDigitLength)
- return aDigitLength - bDigitLength;
- //the number of their digit is same.
- while (paNonZero < paDigitEnd){
- if (*paNonZero != *pbNonZero)
- return *paNonZero - *pbNonZero;
- paNonZero++;
- pbNonZero++;
- }
- //if they are equal compared by number, compare the number of '0' when start with "0"
- aDigitLength = paNonZero - paCur;
- bDigitLength = pbNonZero - pbCur;
- if (aDigitLength != bDigitLength)
- return bDigitLength - aDigitLength;
- paCur = paDigitEnd;
- pbCur = pbDigitEnd;
- }
- else{
- if (*paCur != *pbCur)
- return *paCur - *pbCur;
- paCur++;
- pbCur++;
- }
- }
- }
- //last condtion should be never reached.
- return NULL == paCur ? -1 : NULL == pbCur ? -1 : *paCur - *pbCur;
- }
- //fang0001san022san: a alpha(f,a,...) is a compared unit, but a number(0001,022) will be condsided as one too.
- int LogicCompareA(char *psza, char *pszb){
- char *paCur = psza, *pbCur = pszb;
- if (psza != NULL && NULL != pszb)
- {
- char *paDigitEnd, *pbDigitEnd;
- char *paNonZero, *pbNonZero;
- while (*paCur && *paCur){
- paNonZero = paCur;
- pbNonZero = pbCur;
- //allow for: 0 ... 0 1 2...
- // paCur paNonZero
- paDigitEnd = findDigitEndA(&paNonZero);
- pbDigitEnd = findDigitEndA(&pbNonZero);
- //compare by number
- if (paDigitEnd > paCur && pbDigitEnd > pbCur)
- {
- int aDigitLength = paDigitEnd - paNonZero;
- int bDigitLength = pbDigitEnd - pbNonZero;
- //compare by digit
- if (aDigitLength != bDigitLength)
- return aDigitLength - bDigitLength;
- //the number of their digit is same.
- while (paNonZero < paDigitEnd){
- if (*paNonZero != *pbNonZero)
- return *paNonZero - *pbNonZero;
- paNonZero++;
- pbNonZero++;
- }
- //if they are equal compared by number, compare the number of '0' when start with "0"
- //ps note: paNonZero and pbNonZero can be added the above loop "while", but it is changed meanwhile.
- //so, the following comparsion is ok.
- aDigitLength = paNonZero - paCur;
- bDigitLength = pbNonZero - pbCur;
- if (aDigitLength != bDigitLength)
- return bDigitLength - aDigitLength;
- paCur = paDigitEnd;
- pbCur = pbDigitEnd;
- }
- else{
- if (*paCur != *pbCur)
- return *paCur - *pbCur;
- paCur++;
- pbCur++;
- }
- }
- }
- //last condition should be never reached.
- return NULL == paCur ? -1 : NULL == pbCur ? -1 : *paCur - *pbCur;
- }
- int LogicCompareWithPrint(TCHAR *psza, TCHAR *pszb){
- _tprintf(_T("LogicCompare : %s%*s%s%*s"), psza, 12 - _tcslen(psza), ",", pszb, 10 - _tcslen(pszb), " ");
- return LogicCompare(psza, pszb);
- }
- int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
- {
- _tprintf(_T("\t: %d\n"), LogicCompareWithPrint(_T("a00011b01"), _T("a011b01")));
- _tprintf(_T("\t: %d\n"), LogicCompareWithPrint(_T("a0011"), _T("a02")));
- _tprintf(_T("\t: %d\n"), LogicCompareWithPrint(_T("a011b011"), _T("a011b11")));
- _tprintf(_T("\t: %d\n"), LogicCompareWithPrint(_T("a011b11"), _T("a011b2")));
- _tprintf(_T("\t: %d\n"), LogicCompareWithPrint(_T("a11"), _T("a2")));
- _tprintf(_T("\t: %d\n"), LogicCompareWithPrint(_T("0"), _T("_")));
- _tprintf(_T("'0'(48) - '_'(95) = %d\n\n"), _T('0') - _T('_'));
- TCHAR *values[] = {_T("ss1"), _T("f00000111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111"), _T("ss01"), _T("房-"), _T("f0001"),
- _T("ss_1"), _T("ss002"), _T("房-01s2"), _T("f111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111"), _T("房-01s10") };
- TCHAR **ppa = values;
- TCHAR **ppb;
- TCHAR **ppend= values+9;
- while (ppa < ppend){
- ppb = ppa+1;
- while (ppb <= ppend)
- {
- if (LogicCompare(*ppa, *ppb) > 0)
- {
- TCHAR *pTemp = *ppa;
- *ppa = *ppb;
- *ppb = pTemp;
- }
- ppb++;
- }
- ppa++;
- }
- ppa = values;
- _tsetlocale(LC_ALL, _T("chs"));//LC_ALL = 0; make "wprintf" output a UNICODE string.
- while (ppa <= ppend){
- _tprintf(_T("%s\n"), *ppa);
- ppa++;
- }
- getchar();
- return 0;
- }
输出截图
案例输出(右边是windows-shell-对文件名逻辑排序(xp以上还是vista)的比较图):以发现不同:下划线_和数字0
Java实现
- package san;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.Comparator;
- import java.util.regex.Matcher;
- import java.util.regex.Pattern;
- public class Demo {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- String fileNames[] = { "fss01", "fss2", "fss01_22", "fss3", "fss1", "fss10", "fss20", "fss4", "fss30", "fss21", "fss12","fss01_3" };
- char chFileNames[][] = new char[fileNames.length][];
- String[] oldSortedNames = new String[fileNames.length];
- for (int i = 0; i < fileNames.length; i++) {
- chFileNames[i] = fileNames[i].toCharArray();
- oldSortedNames[i] = fileNames[i];
- }
- // Arrays.sort(fileNames, StrLogicCmp);
- Arrays.sort(chFileNames, ChsLogicCmp);
- System.out.println("_Random_" + "\t" + "_Tradion_" + "\t" + "_Target_");
- String line;
- for (int i = 0; i < fileNames.length; i++) {
- line = fileNames[i] + (fileNames[i].length() >= 8 ? "\t" : "\t\t");
- line += oldSortedNames[i] + (oldSortedNames[i].length() >= 8 ? "\t" : "\t\t");
- line += new String(chFileNames[i]);
- System.out.println(line);
- }
- }
- static Comparator<String> StrLogicCmp = new Comparator<String>() {
- @Override
- public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- return 0;
- }
- };
- // "f01s2s22", "f1s02s2"
- static Comparator<char[]> ChsLogicCmp = new Comparator<char[]>() {
- class Int{
- public int i;
- }
- public int findDigitEnd(char[] arrChar, Int at) {
- int k = at.i;
- char c = arrChar[k];
- boolean bFirstZero = (c == '0');
- while (k < arrChar.length) {
- c = arrChar[k];
- //first non-digit which is a high chance.
- if (c > '9' || c < '0') {
- break;
- }
- else if (bFirstZero && c == '0') {
- at.i++;
- }
- k++;
- }
- return k;
- }
- @Override
- public int compare(char[] a, char[] b) {
- if(a != null || b != null){
- Int aNonzeroIndex = new Int();
- Int bNonzeroIndex = new Int();
- int aIndex = 0, bIndex = 0,
- aComparedUnitTailIndex, bComparedUnitTailIndex;
- // Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("D*(d+)D*");
- // Matcher matcher1 = pattern.matcher(a);
- // Matcher matcher2 = pattern.matcher(b);
- // if(matcher1.find() && matcher2.find()) {
- // String s1 = matcher1.group(1);
- // String s2 = matcher2.group(1);
- // }
- while(aIndex < a.length && bIndex < b.length){
- //aIndex <
- aNonzeroIndex.i = aIndex;
- bNonzeroIndex.i = bIndex;
- aComparedUnitTailIndex = findDigitEnd(a, aNonzeroIndex);
- bComparedUnitTailIndex = findDigitEnd(b, bNonzeroIndex);
- //compare by number
- if (aComparedUnitTailIndex > aIndex && bComparedUnitTailIndex > bIndex)
- {
- int aDigitIndex = aNonzeroIndex.i;
- int bDigitIndex = bNonzeroIndex.i;
- int aDigit = aComparedUnitTailIndex - aDigitIndex;
- int bDigit = bComparedUnitTailIndex - bDigitIndex;
- //compare by digit
- if(aDigit != bDigit)
- return aDigit - bDigit;
- //the number of their digit is same.
- while (aDigitIndex < aComparedUnitTailIndex){
- if (a[aDigitIndex] != b[bDigitIndex])
- return a[aDigitIndex] - b[bDigitIndex];
- aDigitIndex++;
- bDigitIndex++;
- }
- //if they are equal compared by number, compare the number of '0' when start with "0"
- //ps note: paNonZero and pbNonZero can be added the above loop "while", but it is changed meanwhile.
- //so, the following comparsion is ok.
- aDigit = aNonzeroIndex.i - aIndex;
- bDigit = bNonzeroIndex.i - bIndex;
- if (aDigit != bDigit)
- return aDigit - bDigit;
- aIndex = aComparedUnitTailIndex;
- bIndex = bComparedUnitTailIndex;
- }else{
- if (a[aIndex] != b[bIndex])
- return a[aIndex] - b[bIndex];
- aIndex++;
- bIndex++;
- }
- }
- }
- return a.length - b.length;
- }
- };
- }
输出结果
_Random_ _Tradion_ _Target_
fss01 fss01 fss1
fss2 fss2 fss01
fss01_22 fss01_22 fss01_3
fss3 fss3 fss01_22
fss1 fss1 fss2
fss10 fss10 fss3
fss20 fss20 fss4
fss4 fss4 fss10
fss30 fss30 fss12
fss21 fss21 fss20
fss12 fss12 fss21
fss01_3 fss01_3 fss30
引用
这里2001年就有了
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* 见 feature_test_macros(7) */ #include <string.h> int strverscmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
描述
经常有这样的文件 jan1 、 jan2 、……、 jan9 、 jan10 ,……并且感觉 ls (1) 排序为 jan1 、 jan10 、……、 jan2 、……、 jan9 是不正确的。为了改变这个情况,GNU 允许使用 -v 选项的 ls (1),它的实现使用 versionsort (3),这个函数使用了 strverscmp ()。因此,strverscmp() 是比较两个字符串并发现“正确”的顺序,而 strcmp(3) 只是发现字典顺序。这个函数不使用区域选项 LC_COLLATE,也就是说它期待字符串是 ASCII 字符串。
这个函数做下面的事。如果两个字符串相同,返回 0。否则找出分界字符,两个字串在其前都相同而其它却不同。找出最大的连续不断的数字字符(开始于,或结束于)这个位置。如果一个或两个这个子串都是空的,则像 strcmp(3) 一样返回(字节值的数值顺序)。否则,比较两个数字串的数值,如果前面有十进制点则起始的一个或多个零也会被处理(因此有多个零的子串将比零的个数较少的串更小)。所以,这个顺序大概像 000、00、01、010、09、0、1、9、10。
返回值
strverscmp () 函数一个小于、等于或大于零的整数,如果发现 s1 小于、等于或大于 s2 。遵循于
这个函数是 GNU 扩展。
源码
- /** Compare strings while treating digits characters numerically.
- Copyright (C) 1997, 2002, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- This file is part of the libiberty library.
- Contributed by Jean-François Bignolles <bignolle@ecoledoc.ibp.fr>, 1997.
- Libiberty is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- Libiberty is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- Lesser General Public License for more details.
- You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
- 02110-1301 USA. */
- #include "libiberty.h"
- #include "safe-ctype.h"
- /**
- @deftypefun int strverscmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
- The @code{strverscmp} function compares the string @var{s1} against
- @var{s2}, considering them as holding indices/version numbers. Return
- value follows the same conventions as found in the @code{strverscmp}
- function. In fact, if @var{s1} and @var{s2} contain no digits,
- @code{strverscmp} behaves like @code{strcmp}.
- Basically, we compare strings normally (character by character), until
- we find a digit in each string - then we enter a special comparison
- mode, where each sequence of digits is taken as a whole. If we reach the
- end of these two parts without noticing a difference, we return to the
- standard comparison mode. There are two types of numeric parts:
- "integral" and "fractional" (those begin with a '0'). The types
- of the numeric parts affect the way we sort them:
- @itemize @bullet
- @item
- integral/integral: we compare values as you would expect.
- @item
- fractional/integral: the fractional part is less than the integral one.
- Again, no surprise.
- @item
- fractional/fractional: the things become a bit more complex.
- If the common prefix contains only leading zeroes, the longest part is less
- than the other one; else the comparison behaves normally.
- @end itemize
- @smallexample
- strverscmp ("no digit", "no digit")
- @result{} 0 // @r{same behavior as strcmp.}
- strverscmp ("item#99", "item#100")
- @result{} <0 // @r{same prefix, but 99 < 100.}
- strverscmp ("alpha1", "alpha001")
- @result{} >0 // @r{fractional part inferior to integral one.}
- strverscmp ("part1_f012", "part1_f01")
- @result{} >0 // @r{two fractional parts.}
- strverscmp ("foo.009", "foo.0")
- @result{} <0 // @r{idem, but with leading zeroes only.}
- @end smallexample
- This function is especially useful when dealing with filename sorting,
- because filenames frequently hold indices/version numbers.
- @end deftypefun
- */
- /** states: S_N: normal, S_I: comparing integral part, S_F: comparing
- fractional parts, S_Z: idem but with leading Zeroes only */
- #define S_N 0x0
- #define S_I 0x4
- #define S_F 0x8
- #define S_Z 0xC
- /** result_type: CMP: return diff; LEN: compare using len_diff/diff */
- #define CMP 2
- #define LEN 3
- /** Compare S1 and S2 as strings holding indices/version numbers,
- returning less than, equal to or greater than zero if S1 is less than,
- equal to or greater than S2 (for more info, see the Glibc texinfo doc). */
- int
- strverscmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
- {
- const unsigned char *p1 = (const unsigned char *) s1;
- const unsigned char *p2 = (const unsigned char *) s2;
- unsigned char c1, c2;
- int state;
- int diff;
- /** Symbol(s) 0 [1-9] others (padding)
- Transition (10) 0 (01) d (00) x (11) - */
- static const unsigned int next_state[] =
- {
- /** state x d 0 - */
- /** S_N */ S_N, S_I, S_Z, S_N,
- /** S_I */ S_N, S_I, S_I, S_I,
- /** S_F */ S_N, S_F, S_F, S_F,
- /** S_Z */ S_N, S_F, S_Z, S_Z
- };
- static const int result_type[] =
- {
- /** state x/x x/d x/0 x/- d/x d/d d/0 d/-
- 0/x 0/d 0/0 0/- -/x -/d -/0 -/- */
- /** S_N */ CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, LEN, CMP, CMP,
- CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP,
- /** S_I */ CMP, -1, -1, CMP, +1, LEN, LEN, CMP,
- +1, LEN, LEN, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP,
- /** S_F */ CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, LEN, CMP, CMP,
- CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP,
- /** S_Z */ CMP, +1, +1, CMP, -1, CMP, CMP, CMP,
- -1, CMP, CMP, CMP
- };
- if (p1 == p2)
- return 0;
- c1 = *p1++;
- c2 = *p2++;
- /** Hint: '0' is a digit too. */
- state = S_N | ((c1 == '0') + (ISDIGIT (c1) != 0));
- while ((diff = c1 - c2) == 0 && c1 != '\0')
- {
- state = next_state[state];
- c1 = *p1++;
- c2 = *p2++;
- state |= (c1 == '0') + (ISDIGIT (c1) != 0);
- }
- state = result_type[state << 2 | (((c2 == '0') + (ISDIGIT (c2) != 0)))];
- switch (state)
- {
- case CMP:
- return diff;
- case LEN:
- while (ISDIGIT (*p1++))
- if (!ISDIGIT (*p2++))
- return 1;
- return ISDIGIT (*p2) ? -1 : diff;
- default:
- return state;
- }
- }