GUI编程
组件
-
窗口
-
弹窗
-
面板
-
文本框
-
列表框
-
按钮
-
图片
-
监听事件
-
鼠标
-
键盘事件
-
破解工具
1.简介
GUI的核心技术:Swing、AWT
- 因为界面不美观
- 需要jre环境!
为什么我们要学习?
1.可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
2.了解MVC架构,了解监听!
2.AWT
2.1Awt介绍
- 包含了很多类和接口!GUI:图形用户界面
- 元素:窗口,按钮,文本框
- java.awt
2.2组件和容器
1.frame
import java.awt.*;
public class gui {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(1,1,1));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
//此时无法关闭弹窗只有关闭java程序
尝试回顾封装
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.black);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.yellow);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0;
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("MyFrame+"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
setVisible(true);
}
}
2.面板Panel
//解决了关闭事件!
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//Panel 可以看成是一个空间,但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));
//panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件
//适配器模式
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.3.布局管理器
-
流式布局
import java.awt.*; public class TestFlowLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); //组件-按钮 Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); Button button3 = new Button("button3"); //设置为流式布局 //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); frame.setSize(200,200); //把按钮添加上去 frame.add(button1); frame.add(button2); frame.add(button3); frame.setVisible(true); } }
-
东西南北中
import java.awt.*; public class TestBorderLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); Button east = new Button("East"); Button west = new Button("West"); Button south = new Button("South"); Button north = new Button("North"); Button center = new Button("Center"); frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST); frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.setSize(200,200); frame.setVisible(true); } }
-
表格布局
import java.awt.*; public class TestGridLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); Button btn1 = new Button("btn1"); Button btn2 = new Button("btn2"); Button btn3 = new Button("btn3"); Button btn4 = new Button("btn4"); Button btn5 = new Button("btn5"); Button btn6 = new Button("btn6"); frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); frame.add(btn1); frame.add(btn2); frame.add(btn3); frame.add(btn4); frame.add(btn5); frame.add(btn6); frame.pack();//自适应 frame.setVisible(true); } }
总结:
-
Frame是一个顶级窗口
-
Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
-
布局管理器
- 流式
- 东西南北中
- 表格
-
大小,定位,背景颜色,可见性,监听
2.4.事件监听
事件监听:当某个事件发生的时候,干什么?
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
//因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();//自适应
windowCloser(frame);//关闭窗口
frame.setVisible(true);
}
private static void windowCloser(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("aaa");
}
}
多个按钮,共享一个事件
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮实现同一个监听
//开始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
windowCloser(frame);
}
private static void windowCloser(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg"+e.getActionCommand());
}
}
2.5.输入框TextField
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动!
new MyFrame1();
}
}
class MyFrame1 extends Frame{
public MyFrame1(){
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按下enter就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());
field.setText("");
}
}
2.6.简易计算器、组合+内部类回顾复习!
oop原则:组合,大于继承!
面向对象的写法(运用组合降低了耦合性)
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
num1 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数
num2 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数
num3 = new TextField(20);//最大字符数
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
Calculator calculator = null;
public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
this.calculator = calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
}
}
内部类:
-
更好的包装
import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; //简易计算器 public class TestCalc { public static void main(String[] args) { new Calculator().loadFrame(); } } //计算器类 class Calculator extends Frame{ //属性 TextField num1,num2,num3; //方法 public void loadFrame(){ num1 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数 num2 = new TextField(10);//最大字符数 num3 = new TextField(20);//最大字符数 Button button = new Button("="); Label label = new Label("+"); button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener()); setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(num1); add(label); add(num2); add(button); add(num3); pack(); setVisible(true); } class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText()); int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText()); num3.setText(""+(n1+n2)); num1.setText(""); num2.setText(""); } } }
2.7画笔
package 画笔;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame {
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
public void paint(Graphics g){
//画笔,需要有颜色,画笔可以画画
// g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
// g.fillOval(0,0,50,50);
// g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);
//养成习惯,画笔用完,将他还原到最初的颜色
}
}
2.8.鼠标监听
实现鼠标点击画画
package 画笔;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title){
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,400,300);
//存鼠标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠标监听器,正对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画,监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
//鼠标,按下,弹起,按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
//这个我们点击的时候就会在界面上产生一个点!画
//这个点就是鼠标的点;
frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
frame.repaint();//刷新
}
}
}
2.9.窗口监听
package 画笔;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindows {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.blue);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter(){
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("WindowClosing");
System.exit(0);
}
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
source.setTitle("被激活了");
System.out.println("windowActivated");
}
});
}
}
2.10.键盘监听
package 画笔;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
public KeyFrame(){
setBounds(1,2,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得键盘下的键是哪一个,当前的码
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要去记录这个数值,直接使用静态属性
System.out.println(keyCode);
if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
System.out.println("你按下了上建");
}
//根据不同操作产生不同结果
}
});
}
}
3.Swing
3.1.窗口、面板
package Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
//初始化
public void init(){
JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
jf.setVisible(true);
jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
jf.setBackground(Color.blue);
//设置文字Jlabel
JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到zzk的javaGUI");
jf.add(label);
//关闭事件
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一个窗口
new JFrameDemo().init();
}
}
标签居中
package Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JframeDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyJframe2().init();
}
}
class MyJframe2 extends JFrame{
public void init(){
this.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
this.setVisible(true);
JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到zzk的JAVAGUI");
this.add(label);
//让文本标签居中,设置水平对齐
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
//获得一个容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setBackground(Color.blue);
}
}
3.2.弹窗
JDialog,用来被弹出,默认就有关闭事件!
package Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(700,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame 放东西,容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//点击这个按钮的时候,弹出一个弹窗
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
container.add(button);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new Label("JavaGUI学习"));
}
}
3.3.标签
label
new JLabel("xxx")
图标ICON
package Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标,需要实现类,Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){}//无参构造
public IconDemo(int width,int height){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void init(){
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
//把图标放在标签上,也可以放在按钮!
JLabel label1 = new JLabel("icontest",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label1);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
图片Icon
package Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.*;
class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo(){
//获取图片的地址
JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("../Swing/result.png");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
3.4.面板
JPanel
package Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面的参数的意思,间距
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
container.add(panel1);
container.add(panel2);
container.add(panel3);
container.add(panel4);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
JScrollPanel
package Swing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
textArea.setText("JAVAGUI学习");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
3.5.按钮
图片按钮
package Swing;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.swing.*;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo01(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变成图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("../Swing/result.png");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//把这个图标放在按钮上
JButton button = new JButton();
button.setIcon(icon);
button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
//add
container.add(button);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo01();
}
}
-
单选按钮
package Swing; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; import javax.swing.*; public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame { public JButtonDemo02(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //将一个图片变成图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("../Swing/result.png"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //单选框 JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01"); JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02"); JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03"); //由于单选框中只能选择一个,分组,一组中只能选择一个 ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup(); group.add(radioButton1); group.add(radioButton2); group.add(radioButton3); container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER); container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,300); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo02(); } }
-
复选按钮
package Swing; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; import javax.swing.*; public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame { public JButtonDemo03(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //将一个图片变成图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("../Swing/result.png"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //多选框 JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBox01"); JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBox02"); container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,300); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo03(); } }
3.6.列表
-
下拉框
package Swing; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame { public TestComboboxDemo01(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); JComboBox status = new JComboBox(); status.addItem(null); status.addItem("正在热映"); status.addItem("已下架"); status.addItem("即将上映"); container.add(status); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestComboboxDemo01(); } }
-
列表框
package Swing; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.util.Vector; class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame { public TestComboboxDemo02(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //生成列表内容 //String[] contents = {"1","2","3"}; Vector contents = new Vector(); //列表中需要放入内容 JList jList = new JList(contents); contents.add("zzk"); contents.add("zzj"); contents.add("zzh"); container.add(jList); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestComboboxDemo02(); } }
-
应用场景
- 选择地区,或者一些单个选项
- 列表,展示信息,一般是动态扩容!
3.7文本框
-
文本框
package Swing; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame { public TestTextDemo01(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); JTextField textField = new JTextField("hello"); JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20); container.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTextDemo01(); } }
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密码框
package Swing; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class TestTextDemo03 extends JFrame { public TestTextDemo03(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//默认.... passwordField.setEchoChar('*'); container.add(passwordField); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTextDemo03(); } }
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文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50); textArea.setText("JAVAGUI学习");
4.贪吃蛇
帧,如果时间足够小,就是动画,一秒30帧,60帧.连起来是动画,拆开就是静态的图片!
键盘监听
定时器Timer
核心步骤:
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定义数据
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画上去
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监听事件
键盘
事件
5.总结
- AWT用来实现监听
- Swing用来画界面