Spring Cloud Alibaba简书(三)------Nacos Discovery服务治理

微服务环境搭建

我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解。

2.1 案例准备

2.1.1 技术选型

maven: 3.3.9
数据库: MySQL 5.7
持久层: SpingData Jpa
其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

2.1.2 模块设计

springcloud-alibaba 父工程

shop-common 公共模块【实体类】

shop-user 用户微服务 【端口: 807x】

shop-product 商品微服务 【端口: 808x】

shop-order 订单微服务 【端口: 809x】

2.1.3 微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用:客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。

我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。

在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者， 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。

2.2 创建父工程

创建一个maven工程，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ruipeng</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE
        </spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

版本对应:

2.3 创建基础模块

(1)创建 shop-common 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.ruipeng</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.56</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

(2) 创建实体类

//用户
@Entity(name = "shop_user") 
@Data
public class User { 
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 
	private Integer uid;//主键
	private String username;//用户名
	private String password;//密码
	private String telephone;//手机号 
} 

//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product") 
@Data
public class Product { 
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 
	private Integer pid;//主键 
	private String pname;//商品名称 
	private Double pprice;//商品价格 
	private Integer stock;//库存 
} 

//订单
@Entity(name = "shop_order") 
@Data
public class Order { 
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	 private Long oid;//订单id 
	private Integer uid;//用户id 
	private String username;//用户名 
	private Integer pid;//商品id 
	private String pname;//商品名称 
	private Double pprice;//商品单价 
	private Integer number;//购买数量 
}

2.4 创建用户微服务

步骤:

1 创建模块 导入依赖

2 创建SpringBoot主类

3 加入配置文件

4 创建必要的接口和实现类(controller service dao) 新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后进行下面操作

(1) 创建pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.ruipeng</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ruipeng</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project> 

(2)编写主类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) { 
	SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args); 
	} 
} 

(3)创建配置文件

server:
  port: 8071
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

2.5 创建商品微服务

1 创建一个名为 shop_product 的模块，并添加springboot依赖

<?xml
 version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.ruipeng</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ruipeng</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project> 

2 创建工程的主类

package com.ruipeng;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
         SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args); 
    } 
} 

3 创建配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 创建ProductDao接口

package com.itheima.dao;
public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}

5 创建ProductService接口和实现类

package com.ruipeng.service.impl;
@Service 
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;
    
   @Override 
    public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
        return productDao.findById(pid).get();
} } 

6 创建Controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {

	@Autowired 
	private ProductService productService;

    @GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
    public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
		Product product = productService.findByPid(pid); 
		log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product)); 
		return product; 
} } 

7 启动工程，等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000'); 
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000'); 
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000'); 
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000'); 

8 通过浏览器访问服务

2.6 创建订单微服务

1 创建一个名为 shop-order 的模块,并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.ruipeng</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ruipeng</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project> 

2 创建工程的主类

package com.ruipeng;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }
} 

3 创建配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8091
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
  

4 创建OrderDao接口

package com.ruipeng.dao;
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {
}

5 创建OrderService接口和实现类

@Service 
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
    @Autowired
    private  OrderDao orderDao;
    
    @Override 
    public void save(Order order) {
        orderDao.save(order);
} } 

6 创建RestTemplate

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean 
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
} } 

7 创建Controller

package com.ruipeng.controller;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    //准备买1件商品
    @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
    public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
       //通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
                "http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);
        log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUid(1);
        order.setUsername("测试用户");
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setNumber(1);
        orderService.save(order);
        return order;
    }
} 

7 启动工程,通过浏览器访问服务进行测试

注意: 本文章根据北京某著名培训机构讲解的springcloud-alibaba内容,加工整理所得,如果想要学习更完整详细的内容,可以根据自身情况联系该机构进行学习!