高版本JDBC驱动加载的补充说明

高版本的Oracle、MySql和Postgresql也不用写，因为采用了最新的SPI技术，驱动的类名在jar包的META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver文件里。

你在DriverManager的源码中可以看到一个静态块

static {
      loadInitialDrivers();
      println("JDBC DriverManager initialized");
}

你可以在loadInitialDrivers()方法中看到以下一段代码：

                ServiceLoader<Driver> loadedDrivers = ServiceLoader.load(Driver.class);
                Iterator driversIterator = loadedDrivers.iterator();

                /* Load these drivers, so that they can be instantiated.
                 * It may be the case that the driver class may not be there
                 * i.e. there may be a packaged driver with the service class
                 * as implementation of java.sql.Driver but the actual class
                 * may be missing. In that case a java.util.ServiceConfigurationError
                 * will be thrown at runtime by the VM trying to locate
                 * and load the service.
                 *
                 * Adding a try catch block to catch those runtime errors
                 * if driver not available in classpath but it's
                 * packaged as service and that service is there in classpath.
                 */
                try{
                    while(driversIterator.hasNext()) {
                        driversIterator.next();
                    }
                } catch(Throwable t) {
                // Do nothing
                }
                return null;

ServiceLoader<Driver> loadedDrivers = ServiceLoader.load(Driver.class);

上面这行代码可以把类路径下所有jar包中META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver文件中定义的类加载上来，此类必须继承自java.sql.Driver。

Class.forName的主要目的是初始化数据库驱动，以执行驱动的静态块代码，其实主要是DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);方法。 自己驱动包的驱动名当然开发商最清楚，所以就在发布驱动包的时候就直接配置了，所以不用再写Class.forName。