在Android平台上主流还是用zxing库,ZXing是一个开放源码的,用Java实现的多种格式的1D/2D条码图像处理库,可以实现使用手机的内置的摄像头完成条形码的扫描及解码。
因此这里主要讲述如何利用zxing进行二维码开发。
生成和识别二维码,以实用性为主。
首先需要在github下载开源库,然后进行删减保留我们所需要的功能。
下面现对用到的类进行一个简单的介绍:
ZXing库里面主要的类以及这些类的作用:
- CaptureActivity 这个是启动Activity 也就是扫描器。其中有个重要的方法是handleDecode()是对扫描结果处理。
- decoding 解码相关的类。
- encoding 编码相关的类。
- camera 包,摄像头控制包。
- View 扫描取景类的包。
将减少过后的工程导入eclipse中或者android studio中
实现一个扫描生成图片的过程,
这个主要依赖CaptureActivity这个类,这个类中比较重要的方法是handleDecode()。用Intent调用返回一个扫描成功的结果。
一个实现输入字符串生成二维码图片的功能。
这个过程主要依赖EncodingHandler这个类中的createQRCode()方法。根据二维码的算法生成一个bitmap图片。
关于实际开发中可能遇到的问题(定制你所需要的二维码扫描界面)
- 上面的代码还是比较简单,但是要想做出像微信那样只的扫描框,紧紧上面的代码是没有那种效果的,我们必须重写com.mining.app.zxing.view包下面的ViewfinderView类,微信里面的都是用的图片,我是自己画出来的,代码注释的比较清楚,大家直接看代码吧,相信你能理解的,如果你要修改扫描框的大小,去CameraManager类里面修改
- public Rect getFramingRect() {
- Point screenResolution = configManager.getScreenResolution();
- if (framingRect == null) {
- if (camera == null) {
- return null;
- }
- // 宽度
- // int width = screenResolution.x * 3 / 4;
- // if (width < MIN_FRAME_WIDTH) {
- // width = MIN_FRAME_WIDTH;
- // } else if (width > MAX_FRAME_WIDTH) {
- // width = MAX_FRAME_WIDTH;
- // }
- //高度
- // int height = screenResolution.y * 3 / 4;
- //if (height < MIN_FRAME_HEIGHT) {
- //height = MIN_FRAME_HEIGHT;
- //} else if (height > MAX_FRAME_HEIGHT) {
- //height = MAX_FRAME_HEIGHT;
- //}
- //宽高修改如下:
- DisplayMetrics metrics = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics();
- int width = (int) (metrics.widthPixels * 0.6);
- int height = (int) (width * 0.9);
- //这里是左边和上边的偏移量
- int leftOffset = (screenResolution.x - width) / 2;
- //int topOffset = (screenResolution.y - height) / 2;
- //屏幕距离上边的偏移量修改:
- int topOffset=(screenResolution.y - height)/4;
- framingRect = new Rect(leftOffset, topOffset, leftOffset + width,
- topOffset + height);
- Log.d(TAG, "Calculated framing rect: " + framingRect);
- }
- return framingRect;
- }
- 修改扫描框的界面如下:
- /*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 ZXing authors
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- package com.mining.app.zxing.view;
- import java.util.Collection;
- import java.util.HashSet;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.res.Resources;
- import android.graphics.Bitmap;
- import android.graphics.Canvas;
- import android.graphics.Color;
- import android.graphics.Paint;
- import android.graphics.Rect;
- import android.graphics.Typeface;
- import android.util.AttributeSet;
- import android.view.View;
- import com.example.qr_codescan.R;
- import com.google.zxing.ResultPoint;
- import com.mining.app.zxing.camera.CameraManager;
- /**
- * This view is overlaid on top of the camera preview. It adds the viewfinder
- * rectangle and partial transparency outside it, as well as the laser scanner
- * animation and result points.
- *
- */
- public final class ViewfinderView extends View {
- private static final String TAG = "log";
- /**
- * 刷新界面的时间
- */
- private static final long ANIMATION_DELAY = 10L;
- private static final int OPAQUE = 0xFF;
- /**
- * 四个绿色边角对应的长度
- */
- private int ScreenRate;
- /**
- * 四个绿色边角对应的宽度
- */
- private static final int CORNER_WIDTH = 10;
- /**
- * 扫描框中的中间线的宽度
- */
- private static final int MIDDLE_LINE_WIDTH = 6;
- /**
- * 扫描框中的中间线的与扫描框左右的间隙
- */
- private static final int MIDDLE_LINE_PADDING = 5;
- /**
- * 中间那条线每次刷新移动的距离
- */
- private static final int SPEEN_DISTANCE = 5;
- /**
- * 手机的屏幕密度
- */
- private static float density;
- /**
- * 字体大小
- */
- private static final int TEXT_SIZE = 16;
- /**
- * 字体距离扫描框下面的距离
- */
- private static final int TEXT_PADDING_TOP = 30;
- /**
- * 画笔对象的引用
- */
- private Paint paint;
- /**
- * 中间滑动线的最顶端位置
- */
- private int slideTop;
- /**
- * 中间滑动线的最底端位置
- */
- private int slideBottom;
- private Bitmap resultBitmap;
- private final int maskColor;
- private final int resultColor;
- private final int resultPointColor;
- private Collection<ResultPoint> possibleResultPoints;
- private Collection<ResultPoint> lastPossibleResultPoints;
- boolean isFirst;
- public ViewfinderView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
- super(context, attrs);
- density = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
- //将像素转换成dp
- ScreenRate = (int)(20 * density);
- paint = new Paint();
- Resources resources = getResources();
- maskColor = resources.getColor(R.color.viewfinder_mask);
- resultColor = resources.getColor(R.color.result_view);
- resultPointColor = resources.getColor(R.color.possible_result_points);
- possibleResultPoints = new HashSet<ResultPoint>(5);
- }
- @Override
- public void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
- //中间的扫描框,你要修改扫描框的大小,去CameraManager里面修改
- Rect frame = CameraManager.get().getFramingRect();
- if (frame == null) {
- return;
- }
- //初始化中间线滑动的最上边和最下边
- if(!isFirst){
- isFirst = true;
- slideTop = frame.top;
- slideBottom = frame.bottom;
- }
- //获取屏幕的宽和高
- int width = canvas.getWidth();
- int height = canvas.getHeight();
- paint.setColor(resultBitmap != null ? resultColor : maskColor);
- //画出扫描框外面的阴影部分,共四个部分,扫描框的上面到屏幕上面,扫描框的下面到屏幕下面
- //扫描框的左边面到屏幕左边,扫描框的右边到屏幕右边
- canvas.drawRect(0, 0, width, frame.top, paint);
- canvas.drawRect(0, frame.top, frame.left, frame.bottom + 1, paint);
- canvas.drawRect(frame.right + 1, frame.top, width, frame.bottom + 1,
- paint);
- canvas.drawRect(0, frame.bottom + 1, width, height, paint);
- if (resultBitmap != null) {
- // Draw the opaque result bitmap over the scanning rectangle
- paint.setAlpha(OPAQUE);
- canvas.drawBitmap(resultBitmap, frame.left, frame.top, paint);
- } else {
- //画扫描框边上的角,总共8个部分
- paint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
- canvas.drawRect(frame.left, frame.top, frame.left + ScreenRate,
- frame.top + CORNER_WIDTH, paint);
- canvas.drawRect(frame.left, frame.top, frame.left + CORNER_WIDTH, frame.top
- + ScreenRate, paint);
- canvas.drawRect(frame.right - ScreenRate, frame.top, frame.right,
- frame.top + CORNER_WIDTH, paint);
- canvas.drawRect(frame.right - CORNER_WIDTH, frame.top, frame.right, frame.top
- + ScreenRate, paint);
- canvas.drawRect(frame.left, frame.bottom - CORNER_WIDTH, frame.left
- + ScreenRate, frame.bottom, paint);
- canvas.drawRect(frame.left, frame.bottom - ScreenRate,
- frame.left + CORNER_WIDTH, frame.bottom, paint);
- canvas.drawRect(frame.right - ScreenRate, frame.bottom - CORNER_WIDTH,
- frame.right, frame.bottom, paint);
- canvas.drawRect(frame.right - CORNER_WIDTH, frame.bottom - ScreenRate,
- frame.right, frame.bottom, paint);
- //绘制中间的线,每次刷新界面,中间的线往下移动SPEEN_DISTANCE
- slideTop += SPEEN_DISTANCE;
- if(slideTop >= frame.bottom){
- slideTop = frame.top;
- }
- canvas.drawRect(frame.left + MIDDLE_LINE_PADDING, slideTop - MIDDLE_LINE_WIDTH/2, frame.right - MIDDLE_LINE_PADDING,slideTop + MIDDLE_LINE_WIDTH/2, paint);
- //画扫描框下面的字
- paint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
- paint.setTextSize(TEXT_SIZE * density);
- paint.setAlpha(0x40);
- paint.setTypeface(Typeface.create("System", Typeface.BOLD));
- canvas.drawText(getResources().getString(R.string.scan_text), frame.left, (float) (frame.bottom + (float)TEXT_PADDING_TOP *density), paint);
- Collection<ResultPoint> currentPossible = possibleResultPoints;
- Collection<ResultPoint> currentLast = lastPossibleResultPoints;
- if (currentPossible.isEmpty()) {
- lastPossibleResultPoints = null;
- } else {
- possibleResultPoints = new HashSet<ResultPoint>(5);
- lastPossibleResultPoints = currentPossible;
- paint.setAlpha(OPAQUE);
- paint.setColor(resultPointColor);
- for (ResultPoint point : currentPossible) {
- canvas.drawCircle(frame.left + point.getX(), frame.top
- + point.getY(), 6.0f, paint);
- }
- }
- if (currentLast != null) {
- paint.setAlpha(OPAQUE / 2);
- paint.setColor(resultPointColor);
- for (ResultPoint point : currentLast) {
- canvas.drawCircle(frame.left + point.getX(), frame.top
- + point.getY(), 3.0f, paint);
- }
- }
- //只刷新扫描框的内容,其他地方不刷新
- postInvalidateDelayed(ANIMATION_DELAY, frame.left, frame.top,
- frame.right, frame.bottom);
- }
- }
- public void drawViewfinder() {
- resultBitmap = null;
- invalidate();
- }
- /**
- * Draw a bitmap with the result points highlighted instead of the live
- * scanning display.
- *
- * @param barcode
- * An image of the decoded barcode.
- */
- public void drawResultBitmap(Bitmap barcode) {
- resultBitmap = barcode;
- invalidate();
- }
- public void addPossibleResultPoint(ResultPoint point) {
- possibleResultPoints.add(point);
- }
- }
中间画的线:
- canvas.drawRect(frame.left + MIDDLE_LINE_PADDING, slideTop - MIDDLE_LINE_WIDTH/2, frame.right - MIDDLE_LINE_PADDING,slideTop + MIDDLE_LINE_WIDTH/2, paint);
改成
- Rect lineRect = new Rect();
- lineRect.left = frame.left;
- lineRect.right = frame.right;
- lineRect.top = slideTop;
- lineRect.bottom = slideTop + 18;
- canvas.drawBitmap(((BitmapDrawable)(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.qrcode_scan_line))).getBitmap(), null, lineRect, paint);