1.Android广播机制概述
Android广播分为两个方面:广播发送者和广播接收者,通常情况下,BroadcastReceiver指的就是广播接收者(广播接收器)。广播作为Android组件间的通信方式,可以使用的场景如下:
1.同一app内部的同一组件内的消息通信(单个或多个线程之间);
2.同一app内部的不同组件之间的消息通信(单个进程);
3.同一app具有多个进程的不同组件之间的消息通信;
4.不同app之间的组件之间消息通信;
5.Android系统在特定情况下与App之间的消息通信。
2.广播接收者
广播接收者简单地说就是接收广播意图的Java类,此Java类继承BroadcastReceiver类,重写:
public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent),其中intent可以获得传递的数据;
class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
unregisterReceiver(this);
}
}
启动广播:
Intent intent = new Intent(us.mifeng);
sendBroadcast(intent);
finish();
静态注册:
直接在AndroidManifest.xml文件中进行注册。规则如下:
<receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="us.mifeng"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
动态注册:
动态注册时,无须在AndroidManifest中注册组件。直接在代码中通过调用Context的registerReceiver函数,可以在程序中动态注册BroadcastReceiver。registerReceiver的定义形式如下:
//注册广播
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(us.mifeng);
registerReceiver(new MyReceiver(),intentFilter);
无序广播:
(1)广播发送者:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Button button;
private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.xiazdong");
intent.putExtra("name", "xiazdong");
MainActivity.this.sendBroadcast(intent);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "发送广播成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(listener);
}
}
(2)广播接收者
public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String name = intent.getExtras().getString("name");
Log.i("Recevier1", "接收到:"+name);
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<receiver android:name=".Receiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
有序广播
(1)广播发送者
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Button button;
private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.xiazdong");
intent.putExtra("name", "xiazdong");
MainActivity.this.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null); //有序广播发送
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "发送广播成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
button = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(listener);
}
}
(2)广播接收者
public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String name = intent.getExtras().getString("name");
Log.i("Recevier1", "接收到:"+name);
abortBroadcast(); //Receiver1接收到广播后中断广播
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
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<receiver android:name=".Receiver">
<intent-filter android:priority="1000"> <!-- 设置最高优先级 -->
<action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>