NSPredicate

【原/转】iOS中非常强大的过滤器:NSPredicate

在APPLE的官方Demo：UICatalog中实现UISearchBar模糊搜索功能是这么做的：

1 - (void)viewDidLoad {
2     [super viewDidLoad];
3 
4     self.allResults = @[@"Here's", @"to", @"the", @"crazy", @"ones.", @"The", @"misfits.", @"The", @"rebels.", @"The", @"troublemakers.", @"The", @"round", @"pegs", @"in", @"the", @"square", @"holes.", @"The", @"ones", @"who", @"see", @"things", @"differently.", @"They're", @"not", @"fond", @"of", @"rules.", @"And", @"they", @"have", @"no", @"respect", @"for", @"the", @"status", @"quo.", @"You", @"can", @"quote", @"them,", @"disagree", @"with", @"them,", @"glorify", @"or", @"vilify", @"them.", @"About", @"the", @"only", @"thing", @"you", @"can't", @"do", @"is", @"ignore", @"them.", @"Because", @"they", @"change", @"things.", @"They", @"push", @"the", @"human", @"race", @"forward.", @"And", @"while", @"some", @"may", @"see", @"them", @"as", @"the", @"crazy", @"ones,", @"we", @"see", @"genius.", @"Because", @"the", @"people", @"who", @"are", @"crazy", @"enough", @"to", @"think", @"they", @"can", @"change", @"the", @"world,", @"are", @"the", @"ones", @"who", @"do."];
5     
6     self.visibleResults = self.allResults;
7 }

 1 - (void)setFilterString:(NSString *)filterString {
 2     _filterString = filterString;
 3     
 4     if (!filterString || filterString.length <= 0) {
 5         self.visibleResults = self.allResults;
 6     }
 7     else {
 8         NSPredicate *filterPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"self contains[c] %@", filterString];
 9         self.visibleResults = [self.allResults filteredArrayUsingPredicate:filterPredicate];
10     }
11     
12     [self.tableView reloadData];
13 }

其中，self.allResults是列表的全部结果，self.visibleResults是输入搜索词后出现的模糊匹配结果。流程如下图所示：

从上述代码可以看到，APPLE获取到模糊搜索结果所用的代码仅仅两行。由此可见，NSPredicate的功能不可小觑。这也是本文的目的，全方位地介绍一下在cocoa框架下的搜索匹配利器：NSPredicate。Cocoa框架中的NSPredicate用于查询，原理和用法都类似于SQL中的where，作用相当于数据库的过滤取。

1、初始化

1	NSPredicate  *ca = [ NSPredicate  predicateWithFormat:( NSString  *), ...];

那传入的初始化NSString到底要满足怎样的格式呢？

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(1)比较运算符>,<,==,>=,<=,!= 可用于数值及字符串 例：@ "number > 100"   (2)范围运算符：IN、BETWEEN 例：@ "number BETWEEN {1,5}"        @ "address IN {'shanghai','beijing'}"   (3)字符串本身:SELF 例：@“SELF == ‘APPLE’"   (4)字符串相关：BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS 例：@ "name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'"    //包含某个字符串         @ "name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'"      //以某个字符串开头         @ "name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'"       //以某个字符串结束          注:[c]不区分大小写，[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号，[cd]既不区分大小写，也不区分发音符号。   (5)通配符：LIKE 例：@ "name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"     //*代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].         @ "name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"   (6)正则表达式：MATCHES 例： NSString  *regex = @ "^A.+e$" ;    //以A开头，e结尾        @ "name MATCHES %@" ,regex

2、使用

2.1 场景1：NSArray过滤，也就是文章开头的场景

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NSArray  *array = [[ NSArray  alloc]initWithObjects:@ "beijing" ,@ "shanghai" ,@ "guangzou" ,@ "wuhan" ,  nil ];  NSString  *string = @ "ang" ;  NSPredicate  *pred = [ NSPredicate  predicateWithFormat:<span style= "color: #ff0000;" >@ "SELF CONTAINS %@" ,string</span>];  NSLog (@ "%@" ,[array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:pred]);

2.2 场景2：判断字符串首字母是否为字母

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NSString  *regex = @ "[A-Za-z]+" ;  NSPredicate  *predicate = [ NSPredicate  predicateWithFormat:@ "SELF MATCHES %@" , regex];      if  ([predicate evaluateWithObject:aString]) {  }

2.3 场景3：字符串替换

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NSError * error =  NULL ;  NSRegularExpression * regex = [ NSRegularExpression  regularExpressionWithPattern:@ "(encoding=\")[^\"]+(\")"                                                                               options:0                                                                               error:&error];  NSString * sample = @ "<xml encoding=\"abc\"></xml><xml encoding=\"def\"></xml><xml encoding=\"ttt\"></xml>" ;  NSLog (@ "Start:%@" ,sample);  NSString * result = [regex stringByReplacingMatchesInString:sample                                                         options:0                                                          range: NSMakeRange (0, sample.length)                                                         withTemplate:@ "$1utf-8$2" ];  NSLog (@ "Result:%@" , result);

2.4 场景4：截取字符串

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//组装一个字符串，需要把里面的网址解析出来  NSString  *urlString=@ "<meta/><link/><title>1Q84 BOOK1</title></head><body>" ;      //NSRegularExpression类里面调用表达的方法需要传递一个NSError的参数。下面定义一个    NSError  *error;      //http+:[^\\s]* 这个表达式是检测一个网址的。(?<=title\>).*(?=</title)截取html文章中的<title></title>中内文字的正则表达式  NSRegularExpression  *regex = [ NSRegularExpression  regularExpressionWithPattern:@ "(?<=title\\>).*(?=</title)"  options:0 error:&error];      if  (regex !=  nil ) {       NSTextCheckingResult  *firstMatch=[regex firstMatchInString:urlString options:0 range: NSMakeRange (0, [urlString length])];               if  (firstMatch) {           NSRange  resultRange = [firstMatch rangeAtIndex:0];                       //从urlString当中截取数据           NSString  *result=[urlString substringWithRange:resultRange];           //输出结果           NSLog (@ "->%@<-" ,result);       }          }

2.5 场景5：判断是否是手机号码或者电话号码

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//组装一个字符串，需要把里面的网址解析出来  NSString  *urlString=@ "<meta/><link/><title>1Q84 BOOK1</title></head><body>" ;      //NSRegularExpression类里面调用表达的方法需要传递一个NSError的参数。下面定义一个    NSError  *error;      //http+:[^\\s]* 这个表达式是检测一个网址的。(?<=title\>).*(?=</title)截取html文章中的<title></title>中内文字的正则表达式  NSRegularExpression  *regex = [ NSRegularExpression  regularExpressionWithPattern:@ "(?<=title\\>).*(?=</title)"  options:0 error:&error];      if  (regex !=  nil ) {       NSTextCheckingResult  *firstMatch=[regex firstMatchInString:urlString options:0 range: NSMakeRange (0, [urlString length])];               if  (firstMatch) {           NSRange  resultRange = [firstMatch rangeAtIndex:0];                       //从urlString当中截取数据           NSString  *result=[urlString substringWithRange:resultRange];           //输出结果           NSLog (@ "->%@<-" ,result);       }          }

2.6 场景6：验证邮箱、电话号码有效性

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//是否是有效的正则表达式   +( BOOL )isValidateRegularExpression:( NSString  *)strDestination byExpression:( NSString  *)strExpression   {       NSPredicate  *predicate = [ NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat :@ "SELF MATCHES %@" , strExpression];        return  [predicate evaluateWithObject:strDestination];   }   //验证email +( BOOL )isValidateEmail:( NSString  *)email {       NSString  *strRegex = @ "[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{1,5}" ;       BOOL  rt = [CommonTools isValidateRegularExpression:email byExpression:strRegex];       return  rt;   }   //验证电话号码 +( BOOL )isValidateTelNumber:( NSString  *)number {       NSString  *strRegex = @ "[0-9]{1,20}" ;       BOOL  rt = [CommonTools isValidateRegularExpression:number byExpression:strRegex];       return  rt;   }

2.7 场景7：NSDate筛选

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//日期在十天之内: NSDate  *endDate = [[ NSDate  date] retain]; NSTimeInterval  timeInterval= [endDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate]; timeInterval -=3600*24*10; NSDate  *beginDate = [[ NSDate  dateWithTimeIntervalSinceReferenceDate:timeInterval] retain]; //对coredata进行筛选(假设有fetchRequest) NSPredicate  *predicate_date = [ NSPredicate  predicateWithFormat:@ "date >= %@ AND date <= %@" , beginDate,endDate];       [fetchRequest setPredicate:predicate_date]; //释放retained的对象 [endDate release]; [beginDate release];