java爬虫代码

 

/**
* @author Jack.Wang
*
*/
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

// 搜索Web爬行者
public class SearchCrawler implements Runnable {

/*
* disallowListCache缓存robot不允许搜索的URL。 Robot协议在Web站点的根目录下设置一个robots.txt文件,
* 规定站点上的哪些页面是限制搜索的。
* 搜索程序应该在搜索过程中跳过这些区域,下面是robots.txt的一个例子:
* # robots.txt for http://somehost.com/ User-agent:
* Disallow: /cgi-bin/
* Disallow: /registration # Disallow robots on registration page
* Disallow: /login
*/

private HashMap<String, ArrayList<String>> disallowListCache = new HashMap<String, ArrayList<String>>();
ArrayList<String> errorList = new ArrayList<String>();// 错误信息
ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<String>(); // 搜索到的结果
String startUrl;// 开始搜索的起点
int maxUrl;// 最大处理的url数
String searchString;// 要搜索的字符串(英文)
boolean caseSensitive = false;// 是否区分大小写
boolean limitHost = false;// 是否在限制的主机内搜索

public SearchCrawler(String startUrl, int maxUrl, String searchString) {
   this.startUrl = startUrl;
   this.maxUrl = maxUrl;
   this.searchString = searchString;
}

public ArrayList<String> getResult() {
   return result;
}

public void run() {// 启动搜索线程
   crawl(startUrl, maxUrl, searchString, limitHost, caseSensitive);
}

// 检测URL格式
private URL verifyUrl(String url) {
   // 只处理HTTP URLs.
   if (!url.toLowerCase().startsWith("http://"))
    return null;
   URL verifiedUrl = null;
   try {
    verifiedUrl = new URL(url);
   } catch (Exception e) {
    return null;
   }
   return verifiedUrl;
}

// 检测robot是否允许访问给出的URL.
private boolean isRobotAllowed(URL urlToCheck) {
   String host = urlToCheck.getHost().toLowerCase();// 获取给出RUL的主机
   // System.out.println("主机="+host);

   // 获取主机不允许搜索的URL缓存
   ArrayList<String> disallowList = disallowListCache.get(host);

   // 如果还没有缓存,下载并缓存。
   if (disallowList == null) {
    disallowList = new ArrayList<String>();
    try {
     URL robotsFileUrl = new URL("http://" + host + "/robots.txt");
     BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
       new InputStreamReader(robotsFileUrl.openStream()));

     // 读robot文件，创建不允许访问的路径列表。
     String line;
     while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
      if (line.indexOf("Disallow:") == 0) {// 是否包含"Disallow:"
       String disallowPath = line.substring("Disallow:"
         .length());// 获取不允许访问路径

       // 检查是否有注释。
       int commentIndex = disallowPath.indexOf("#");
       if (commentIndex != -1) {
        disallowPath = disallowPath.substring(0,
          commentIndex);// 去掉注释
       }

       disallowPath = disallowPath.trim();
       disallowList.add(disallowPath);
      }
     }

     // 缓存此主机不允许访问的路径。
     disallowListCache.put(host, disallowList);
    } catch (Exception e) {
     return true; // web站点根目录下没有robots.txt文件,返回真
    }
   }

   String file = urlToCheck.getFile();
   // System.out.println("文件getFile()="+file);
   for (int i = 0; i < disallowList.size(); i++) {
    String disallow = disallowList.get(i);
    if (file.startsWith(disallow)) {
     return false;
    }
   }

   return true;
}

private String downloadPage(URL pageUrl) {
   try {
    // Open connection to URL for reading.
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
      pageUrl.openStream()));

    // Read page into buffer.
    String line;
    StringBuffer pageBuffer = new StringBuffer();
    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
     pageBuffer.append(line);
    }

    return pageBuffer.toString();
   } catch (Exception e) {
   }

   return null;
}

// 从URL中去掉"www"
private String removeWwwFromUrl(String url) {
   int index = url.indexOf("://www.");
   if (index != -1) {
    return url.substring(0, index + 3) + url.substring(index + 7);
   }

   return (url);
}

// 解析页面并找出链接
private ArrayList<String> retrieveLinks(URL pageUrl, String pageContents,
    HashSet crawledList, boolean limitHost) {
   // 用正则表达式编译链接的匹配模式。
   Pattern p = Pattern.compile("<a\\s+href\\s*=\\s*\"?(.*?)[\"|>]",
     Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
   Matcher m = p.matcher(pageContents);

   ArrayList<String> linkList = new ArrayList<String>();
   while (m.find()) {
    String link = m.group(1).trim();

    if (link.length() < 1) {
     continue;
    }

    // 跳过链到本页面内链接。
    if (link.charAt(0) == '#') {
     continue;
    }

    if (link.indexOf("mailto:") != -1) {
     continue;
    }

    if (link.toLowerCase().indexOf("javascript") != -1) {
     continue;
    }

    if (link.indexOf("://") == -1) {
     if (link.charAt(0) == '/') {// 处理绝对地
      link = "http://" + pageUrl.getHost() + ":"
        + pageUrl.getPort() + link;
     } else {
      String file = pageUrl.getFile();
      if (file.indexOf('/') == -1) {// 处理相对地址
       link = "http://" + pageUrl.getHost() + ":"
         + pageUrl.getPort() + "/" + link;
      } else {
       String path = file.substring(0,
         file.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
       link = "http://" + pageUrl.getHost() + ":"
         + pageUrl.getPort() + path + link;
      }
     }
    }

    int index = link.indexOf('#');
    if (index != -1) {
     link = link.substring(0, index);
    }

    link = removeWwwFromUrl(link);

    URL verifiedLink = verifyUrl(link);
    if (verifiedLink == null) {
     continue;
    }

    /* 如果限定主机，排除那些不合条件的URL */
    if (limitHost
      && !pageUrl.getHost().toLowerCase().equals(
        verifiedLink.getHost().toLowerCase())) {
     continue;
    }

    // 跳过那些已经处理的链接.
    if (crawledList.contains(link)) {
     continue;
    }

    linkList.add(link);
   }

   return (linkList);
}

// 搜索下载Web页面的内容，判断在该页面内有没有指定的搜索字符串

private boolean searchStringMatches(String pageContents,
    String searchString, boolean caseSensitive) {
   String searchContents = pageContents;
   if (!caseSensitive) {// 如果不区分大小写
    searchContents = pageContents.toLowerCase();
   }

   Pattern p = Pattern.compile("[\\s]+");
   String[] terms = p.split(searchString);
   for (int i = 0; i < terms.length; i++) {
    if (caseSensitive) {
     if (searchContents.indexOf(terms[i]) == -1) {
      return false;
     }
    } else {
     if (searchContents.indexOf(terms[i].toLowerCase()) == -1) {
      return false;
     }
    }
   }

   return true;
}

// 执行实际的搜索操作
public ArrayList<String> crawl(String startUrl, int maxUrls,
    String searchString, boolean limithost, boolean caseSensitive) {

   HashSet<String> crawledList = new HashSet<String>();
   LinkedHashSet<String> toCrawlList = new LinkedHashSet<String>();

   if (maxUrls < 1) {
    errorList.add("Invalid Max URLs value.");
    System.out.println("Invalid Max URLs value.");
   }

   if (searchString.length() < 1) {
    errorList.add("Missing Search String.");
    System.out.println("Missing search String");
   }

   if (errorList.size() > 0) {
    System.out.println("err!!!");
    return errorList;
   }

   // 从开始URL中移出www
   startUrl = removeWwwFromUrl(startUrl);

   toCrawlList.add(startUrl);
   while (toCrawlList.size() > 0) {

    if (maxUrls != -1) {
     if (crawledList.size() == maxUrls) {
      break;
     }
    }

    // Get URL at bottom of the list.
    String url = toCrawlList.iterator().next();

    // Remove URL from the to crawl list.
    toCrawlList.remove(url);

    // Convert string url to URL object.
    URL verifiedUrl = verifyUrl(url);

    // Skip URL if robots are not allowed to access it.
    if (!isRobotAllowed(verifiedUrl)) {
     continue;
    }

    // 增加已处理的URL到crawledList
    crawledList.add(url);
    String pageContents = downloadPage(verifiedUrl);

    if (pageContents != null && pageContents.length() > 0) {
     // 从页面中获取有效的链接
     ArrayList<String> links = retrieveLinks(verifiedUrl,
       pageContents, crawledList, limitHost);

     toCrawlList.addAll(links);

     if (searchStringMatches(pageContents, searchString,
       caseSensitive)) {
      result.add(url);
      System.out.println(url);
     }
    }

   }
   return result;
}

// 主函数
public static void main(String[] args) {
   SearchCrawler crawler = new SearchCrawler("http://www.blogjava.net/Jack2007/", 20,"jack");
   Thread search = new Thread(crawler);
   System.out.println("Start searching...");
   System.out.println("result:");
   search.start();
   try {
    search.join();
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
}
}