在java中有一类线程,专门在后台提供服务,此类线程无需显式关闭,当程序结束了,它也就结束了,这就是守护线程 daemon thread。如果还有非守护线程的线程在执行,它就不会结束。
守护线程有何用处呢?让我们来看个实践中的例子。
在我们的系统中经常应用各种配置文件(黑名单,禁用词汇),当修改配置文件后,一般要重启服务,系统才能够加载;当重启服务的代价比较高的情况下,这种加载方式不能满足我们的要求,这个时候守护线程该发挥它的作用了,它可以实时加载你的配置文件,无需重启。(当然,相当重要的配置文件,不推荐实时加载)
package com.ikon.thread.daemon;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.*;
/**
* 文件监测
* @author ikon99999
*
*/
public abstract class FileWatchdog extends Thread {
static final public long DEFAULT_DELAY = 20*1000;
protected HashMap fileList;
protected long delay = DEFAULT_DELAY;
boolean warnedAlready = false;
boolean interrupted = false;
public static class Entity
{
File file;
long lastModify;
Entity(File file,long lastModify)
{
this.file = file;
this.lastModify = lastModify;
}
}
protected FileWatchdog() {
fileList = new HashMap ();
setDaemon(true);
}
public void setDelay(long delay) {
this.delay = delay;
}
public void addFile(File file)
{
fileList.put(file.getAbsolutePath(),new Entity(file,file.lastModified()));
}
public boolean contains(File file)
{
if( fileList.get(file.getAbsolutePath()) != null) return true;
else return false;
}
abstract protected void doOnChange(File file);
protected void checkAndConfigure() {
HashMap map = (HashMap)fileList.clone();
Iterator it = map.values().iterator();
while( it.hasNext())
{
Entity entity = (Entity)it.next();
boolean fileExists;
try {
fileExists = entity.file.exists();
} catch(SecurityException e)
{
System.err.println ("Was not allowed to read check file existance, file:["+ entity.file .getAbsolutePath() +"].");
interrupted = true;
return;
}
if(fileExists)
{
long l = entity.file.lastModified(); // this can also throw a SecurityException
if(l > entity.lastModify) { // however, if we reached this point this
entity.lastModify = l; // is very unlikely.
newThread(entity.file);
}
}
else
{
System.err.println ("["+entity.file .getAbsolutePath()+"] does not exist.");
}
}
}
private void newThread(File file)
{
class MyThread extends Thread
{
File f;
public MyThread(File f)
{
this.f = f;
}
public void run()
{
doOnChange(f);
}
}
MyThread mt = new MyThread(file);
mt.start();
}
public void run()
{
while(!interrupted) {
try {
Thread.currentThread().sleep(delay);
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
// no interruption expected
}
checkAndConfigure();
}
}
}
FileWatchdog是个抽象类,本身是线程的子类;在构造函数中设置为守护线程;
此类用hashmap维护着一个文件和最新修改时间值对,checkAndConfigure()方法用来检测哪些文件的修改时间更新了,如果发现文件更新了则调用doOnChange方法来完成监测逻辑;doOnChange方法是我们需要实现的;看下面关于一个黑名单服务的监测服务:
package com.ikon.thread.daemon;
import java.io.File;
/**
* 黑名单服务
* @author ikon99999
* 2011-3-21
*/
public class BlacklistService {
private File configFile = new File("c:/blacklist.txt");
public void init() throws Exception{
loadConfig();
ConfigWatchDog dog = new ConfigWatchDog();
dog.setName("daemon_demo_config_watchdog");//a
dog.addFile(configFile);//b
dog.start();//c
}
public void loadConfig(){
try{
Thread.sleep(1*1000);//d
System.out.println("加载黑名单");
}catch(InterruptedException ex){
System.out.println("加载配置文件失败!");
}
}
public File getConfigFile() {
return configFile;
}
public void setConfigFile(File configFile) {
this.configFile = configFile;
}
private class ConfigWatchDog extends FileWatchdog{
@Override
protected void doOnChange(File file) {
System.out.println("文件"+file.getName()+"发生改变,重新加载");
loadConfig();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BlacklistService service = new BlacklistService();
service.init();
Thread.sleep(60*60*1000);//e
}
}
ConfigWatchDog内部类实现了doOnChange(File file)方法,当文件被修改后,watchdog调用doOnChange方法完成重新加载操作;
在blackservice的init方法中初始化watchdog线程;
d:模拟文件加载耗时
e:主要是防止主线程退出;
其实上面的FileWatchdog就是取自log4j;